Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38993653›Full record

ArticleAnnual review of developmental psychology2021

Executive Functions in Social Context: Implications for Conceptualizing, Measuring, and Supporting Developmental Trajectories.

Yuko Munakata, Laura E Michaelson

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Annual review of developmental psychology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
31citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Observational
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. The case for contextually grounded executive function measurement.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  11. Reply to Mazzaferro et al. and Niebaum: The limits of alignment: Grounding executive functions without assuming special contexts.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. The cultural construction of "executive function".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Yuko MunakataDepartment of Psychology and Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
Laura E MichaelsonHuman Services Division, American Institutes for Research, Arlington, Virginia 22202, USA.

Funding

Developing Adaptive Coordination of Executive FunctionsR01HD086184 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO · PI YUKO MUNAKATA · 2016 to 2026
$3.2M
Developing Inhibitory ControlR01HD078532 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO · PI MUNAKATA, YUKO · 2017 to 2021
$1.5M
NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD078532NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD086184
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Success in life is linked to executive functions, a collection of cognitive processes that support goal-directed behaviors. Executive functions is an umbrella term related to cognitive control, self-control, and more. Variations in executive functioning predict concurrent success in schooling, relationships, and behavior, as well as important life outcomes years later. Such findings may suggest that certain individuals are destined for good executive functioning and success. However, environmental influences on executive function and development have long been recognized. Recent research in this tradition demonstrates the power of social contextual influences on children's engagement of executive functions. Such findings suggest new interpretations of why individuals differ in executive functioning and associated life outcomes, including across cultures and socioeconomic statuses. These findings raise fundamental questions about how best to conceptualize, measure, and support executive functioning across diverse contexts. Future research addressing real-world dynamics and computational mechanisms will elucidate how executive functioning emerges in the world.

Indexed as

causal inferencedelaying gratificationequityheritabilityinhibitionintervention

Identifiers

PMID38993653
PMCPMC11238700

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.