Evidence mapPaperPMID 39003994Full record

Trial reportActa psychologica2024

Schoolhouse risk: Can we mitigate the polygenic Pygmalion effect?

Lucas J Matthews, Zhijun Zhang, Daphne O Martschenko

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Acta psychologica, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Lucas J MatthewsColumbia University, Department of Medical Humanities & Ethics, New York, NY, United States; The Hastings Center, New York, NY, United States. Electronic address: ljm2189@cumc.columbia.edu.
Zhijun ZhangNew York State Psychiatric Institute, Department of Mental Health and Data Science, New York, NY, United States. Electronic address: lydia.zhang@nyspi.columbia.edu.
Daphne O MartschenkoStanford Center for Biomedical Ethics and Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University; Stanford, CA, United States. Electronic address: daphnem@stanford.edu.

Funding

The Stanford Training Program in ELSI ResearchT32HG008953 · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · 2025 to 2025
$379k
The Geneticization of Education: ethical, social, and policy implications of polygenic scores for educational attainmentK01HG011683 · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · 2025 to 2025
$182k
NHGRI NIH HHS K01 HG011683NHGRI NIH HHS RM1 HG007257NHGRI NIH HHS T32 HG008953
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAlthough limited in predictive accuracy, polygenic scores (PGS) for educational outcomes are currently available to the public via direct-to-consumer genetic testing companies. Further, there is a growing movement to apply PGS in educational settings via 'precision education.' Prior scholarship highlights the potentially negative impacts of such applications, as disappointing results may give rise a "polygenic Pygmalion effect." In this paper two studies were conducted to identify factors that may mitigate or exacerbate negative impacts of PGS.

methodsTwo studies were conducted. In each, 1188 students were randomized to one of four conditions: Low-percentile polygenic score for educational attainment (EA-PGS), Low EA-PGS + Mitigating information, Low EA-PGS + Exacerbating information, or Control. Regression analyses were used to examine differences between conditions.

resultsIn Study 1, participants randomized to Control reported significantly higher on the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), Competence Scale (CS), Academic Efficacy Scale (AES) and Educational Potential Scale (EPS). CS was significantly higher in the Low EA-PGS + Mitigating information condition. CS and AES were significantly lower in the Low EA-PGS + Exacerbating information condition compared to the Low EA-PGS + Mitigating information condition. In Study 2, participants randomized to Control reported significantly higher CS and AES. Pairwise comparisons did not show significant differences in CS and AES. Follow-up pairwise comparisons using Tukey P-value correction did not find significant associations between non-control conditions.

conclusionThese studies replicated the polygenic Pygmalion effect yet were insufficiently powered to detect significant effects of mitigating contextual information. Regardless of contextual information, disappointing EA-PGS results were significantly associated with lower assessments of self-esteem, competence, academic efficacy, and educational potential.

Indexed as

Multifactorial InheritanceAcademic SuccessAdolescentAdultFemaleGenetic TestingHumansMaleSelf ConceptStudentsYoung AdultEducational attainmentPolygenic Pygmalion effectPolygenic scoresPsychosocial impactsResearch communicationSelf-fulfilling prophecy

Identifiers

PMID39003994
PMCPMC11343671

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.