SynthesisJournal of athletic training2025
Risk Factors for Patellofemoral Pain in the Military: Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Journal of athletic training, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe main cause for military training attrition is musculoskeletal injuries to the knee, such as patellofemoral pain (PFP).
objectiveTo identify which factors increase the risk of PFP occurrence in military personnel.
designSystematic review with meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: Searches were performed in MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, Scopus, and OpenGray databases. STUDY SELECTION: Included studies included military personnel and had a prospective cohort design investigating at least 1 variable as a risk factor for PFP. DATA EXTRACTION: Extraction was performed by 2 independent evaluators, and the data were separated between the military personnel who developed PFP and those who did not. DATA SYNTHESIS: Meta-analyses were performed using standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% CIs, and levels of recommendation were determined.
resultsFrom 11 articles, this review grouped 7518 military personnel, of whom 572 (7.61%) developed PFP. We found moderate evidence that isokinetic knee-extensor weakness at 60°/s predicts PFP in the military (SMD = -0.69; 95% CI = -1.02, -0.35). A larger frontal-plane knee-projection angle during the single-legged squat was also identified as a risk factor for PFP in male military personnel (SMD = 0.55; 95% CI = 0.14, 0.97) with a moderate level of evidence. We found moderate evidence that sex, body mass index, isometric knee-extensor strength, and isokinetic knee-flexor strength do not predict PFP in military personnel. Finally, we found strong evidence that age and body mass do not predict PFP in this population.
conclusionsDeficits in isokinetic knee-extensor strength and a greater frontal-plane knee-projection angle are risk factors for PFP in military personnel. Given that these are modifiable factors, these aspects should be considered in injury-prevention interventions in the military.
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