ArticleHepatology international2024
NAFLD and MAFLD independently increase the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE): a 20-year longitudinal follow-up study from regional Australia.
Article in Hepatology international, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Influence of MASLD and MAFLD on long-term extrahepatic cancer incidence and cancer mortality in regional Australia.Internal medicine journal · 2026Article
- Interpretable Machine Learning Framework for Predicting Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Rheumatoid Arthritis Using Electronic Health Records: Multicenter Cohort Study.JMIR formative research · 2026Article
- Fatty Liver Disease in Australia: A Narrative Review on the Epidemiology, Natural History, Prognostication and Management in People With Metabolic Dysfunction.The Medical journal of Australia · 2026Review
- Association between non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among people living with HIV on dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy: A cross-sectional study in Southwestern Uganda.BMC research notes · 2026Article
- Efficacy and Safety of Statins in MASLD and Other Chronic Liver Diseases.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Comparison of Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Between Those With and Without Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD).Circulation reports · 2026Article
- AI-assisted segmentation-based fusion model integrating deep learning, radiomics, and clinical parameters for identifying coronary heart disease risk in patients with MAFLD.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Association between serum vitamin D levels and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES 2021-2023.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Article
- Association of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease with coronary CT angiography-derived plaque characteristics and cardiovascular events.BMC medical imaging · 2025Article
- Genetic Variants, Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease, and Major Health Outcomes in Older Adults.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Associations Between MASLD, Ultra-Processed Food and a Mediterranean Dietary Pattern in Older Adults.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Development of a nomogram model for predicting coronary heart disease in patients with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease: The Influence of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Mitochondrial Dysfunctions, and the Role of Polyphenols.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Relationship between liver and cardiometabolic health in type 1 diabetes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsThe association between fatty liver disease (FLD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in an Australian context has yet to be defined. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the association between FLD and 3-point major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).
methodsThis was a longitudinal follow-up study of a randomly sampled adult cohort from regional Australia between 2001 and 2003. Baseline covariates included demographic details, anthropometry, health and lifestyle data, and laboratory tests. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic-(dysfunction) associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) were diagnosed in participants with fatty liver index (FLI) ≥ 60 and meeting other standard criteria. ICD-10 codes were used to define clinical outcomes linked to hospitalisations. Three-point MACE defined as non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI) and cerebrovascular accident (CVA) and CVD death.
resultsIn total, 1324 and 1444 participants met inclusion criteria for NAFLD and MAFLD analysis, respectively. Over 23,577 and 25,469 person-years follow-up, NAFLD and MAFLD were independent predictors for 3-point MACE, adjusting for demographic covariates and known cardiometabolic risk factors, whilst considering non-CVD death as a competing event (NAFLD: sub-hazard ratio [sHR] 1.56, 95% confidence interval [CI 1.12-2.19]; MAFLD: sHR 1.51, 95% CI 1.11-2.06). The results held true on several sensitivity analyses.
conclusionsBoth forms of FLD increase the risk for CVD independent of traditional cardiometabolic risk factors.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.