Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39015948›Full record

ArticleJournal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle2024

Factors associated with skeletal muscle mass in middle-aged men living with HIV.

Yide Xu, Dongdong Wang, Pei Chen, Bufeng Qi, Xiaoting Li, Chunfeng Xie, Jieshu Wu, Lin Li, Gu Gao, Shanshan Geng and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Yide XuDepartment of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.ORCID 0009-0004-5527-4815
Dongdong WangDepartment of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Pei ChenDepartment of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Bufeng QiDepartment of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Xiaoting LiDepartment of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Chunfeng XieDepartment of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Jieshu WuDepartment of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Lin LiDepartment of Health Management Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Gu GaoDepartment of Health Management Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Shanshan GengDepartment of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.ORCID 0000-0003-0097-6284
Dandan YangDepartment of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China.

Funding

Connotation Construction Special Fund of Nanjing Medical UniversityConnotation Construction Special Fund of Nanjing Medical University's Double First-Class InitiativeNational Natural Science Foundation of China
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDespite extensive research on muscle loss in people living with HIV (PLWH), the prevalence and contributing factors specifically among middle-aged men remain unclear. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of low muscle mass within this demographic and to identify associated factors.

methodsA total of 378 men living with HIV were enrolled in the study. They were classified into low muscle mass group if they displayed a skeletal muscle index (SMI) <7.00 kg/m

resultsOut of the 378 men living with HIV enrolled, 351 had normal muscle mass, while 27 (7.1%) had low muscle mass. Antiretroviral drugs Zidovudine (AZT) (OR = 0.246, P = 0.022) and higher serum albumin levels (OR = 0.899, P = 0.026) were found to be protective factors against low muscle mass according to quintile grouping. Strong positive associations between SMI and body mass index (BMI), nutritional risk index (NRI), oedema index and fat-free mass index (FFMI) (R > 0.5, P < 0.001) were observed. In addition, both BMI (sensitivity = 0.741, specificity = 0.906) and NRI (sensitivity = 0.963, specificity = 0.601) had high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing low muscle mass, with critical values of 19.85 and 114.177 for BMI and NRI, respectively. The oedema index was the most effective measure of body composition in detecting abnormal fluid retention with high sensitivity (92.6%) and moderate specificity (71.8%) in identifying individuals with low muscle mass. Notably, PLWH with low muscle mass participants had a significantly higher prevalence (92.6%) of a high oedema index compared with those with normal muscle mass (28.2%). This observation indicates that individuals with HIV who experience reduced muscle mass is commonly accompanied with abnormal fluid retention within the body.

conclusionsAntiretroviral medication types, specifically Zidovudine, BMI and NRI can be independent risk factors for low muscle mass in men with HIV. These factors, along with BMI, could be used conveniently to predict low muscle mass. Furthermore, the association between the oedema index and muscle mass suggests that observing signs of oedema may indicate a risk of low muscle mass in PLWH.

Indexed as

HIV InfectionsMuscle, SkeletalAdultBody CompositionBody Mass IndexHumansMaleMiddle AgedRisk FactorsSarcopeniaAcquired immunodeficiency syndromeHuman immunodeficiency virusRisk factorsSkeletal muscle mass

Identifiers

PMID39015948
PMCPMC11446698

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.