Observational studyAnnals of the rheumatic diseases2024
Racial variability in immune responses only partially explains differential systemic sclerosis disease severity.
Observational study in Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Prevalence and Clinical Associations of Systemic Sclerosis-Related Autoantibodies: A Nationwide Reuma.pt Cohort Study.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Effect of Pulmonary Function Test Reference Equations on Classification of Restrictive Lung Disease Severity in Systemic Sclerosis.Arthritis care & research · 2026Article
- Identification of Risk Factors for Incident Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction and Predictors of Cardiac Recovery in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
23 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo understand if autoantibodies account for racial variation in disease severity, we compared autoantibody distribution and associated phenotype between self-identified black and white systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients.
methods803 black and 2178 white SSc patients had systematic testing for autoantibodies using Euroimmun (centromere (ACA), RNA-polymerase III (POLR3), Scl70, PM/Scl, NOR90, Th/To, Ku, U3RNP and Ro52) and commercial ELISA (U1RNP). In this observational study, logistic regression was performed to assess the association between self-identified race and outcomes, adjusting for autoantibodies. To estimate whether the effect of race was mediated by autoantibody status, race coefficients from multivariate models including and excluding autoantibodies were compared.
resultsAnti-Scl70, anti-U1RNP, anti-U3RNP, anti-Th/To, anti-Ku and anti-NOR90 were more common in the black cohort than in the white cohort, which was enriched for ACA, anti-POLR3 and anti-PM/Scl. Black individuals had a higher prevalence of severe Raynaud's, skin, lung, gastrointestinal and renal disease whereas white individuals had a higher prevalence of severe heart and muscle disease. Adjusting for autoantibodies decreased the effect of race on outcome for telangiectasias, forced vital capacity <70%, pulmonary hypertension and severe lung, heart, muscle and gastrointestinal disease by 11%-44% and increased the association between race and renal crisis and severe kidney disease by 37%-52%.
conclusionsThis study is the largest systematic analysis of autoantibody responses in a geographically diverse population of black SSc patients. Black and white individuals with SSc have distinct autoantibody profiles. Autoantibodies explain only a fraction of the effect of race on clinical outcomes, suggesting other factors contribute to disparate outcomes between these groups.
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