Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39028128›Full record

ArticleThe world journal of men's health2025

Association Between Diabetes and Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.

Ana Paula Pagano, Bruna Ramos da Silva, Flávio Teixeira Vieira, Luiz Fernando Meira Filho, Sarah A Purcell, John D Lewis, Michelle L Mackenzie, Paula J Robson, Jennifer E Vena, Flávia Moraes Silva and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The world journal of men's health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Ana Paula PaganoHuman Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7325-0359
Bruna Ramos da SilvaHuman Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8674-5753
Flávio Teixeira VieiraHuman Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6770-0640
Luiz Fernando Meira FilhoHuman Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1679-4388
Sarah A PurcellHuman Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6745-3771
John D LewisDepartment of Experimental Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7734-1204
Michelle L MackenzieHuman Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6123-6418
Paula J RobsonCancer Care Alberta and the Cancer Strategic Clinical Network, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4640-1371
Jennifer E VenaHuman Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6313-1126
Flávia Moraes SilvaNutrition Department and Nutrition Science Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0730-5424
Carla M PradoHuman Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. carla.prado@ualberta.ca.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3609-5641

Funding

CIHR PJT-159537Stollery Children's Hospital FoundationWomen and Children's Health Research Institute
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeMetabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus may play a role in the development and progression of prostate cancer (PC); however, this association remains to be explored in the context of specific PC stages. The objective of this study was to systematically review the evidence for an association between diabetes and overall, early, or advanced PC risk. MATERIALS AND

methodsA systematic review with meta-analysis was performed (MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL) from inception until September 2023. Cohort and case-control studies that assessed PC risk in adult males (≥18 years) associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus or diabetes (if there was no distinction between diabetes type) were included. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess study bias; those with NOS<7 were excluded. Evidence certainty was assessed with the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) method.

resultsThirty-four studies (n=26 cohorts and n=8 case-controls) were included. Of these, 32 assessed diabetes and all PC stages combined, 12 included early PC stages, and 15 included advanced PC stages. Our meta-analysis showed diabetes had a protective effect against early PC development (n=11, risk ratio [RR]=0.71; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.61-0.83, I²=84%) but no association was found for combined (n=21, RR=0.95; 95% CI=0.79-1.13, I²=99%) or advanced PC stages (n=15, RR=0.96; 95% CI=0.77-1.18, I²=98%) at diagnosis. According to GRADE, the evidence certainty was very low.

conclusionsDiabetes may be protective against early PC stages, yet evidence linking diabetes to risk across all stages, and advanced PC specifically, is less conclusive. High heterogeneity may partially explain discrepancy in findings and was mostly associated with study design, method used for PC diagnosis, and risk measures. Our results may aid risk stratification of males with diabetes and inform new approaches for PC screening in this group, especially considering the reduced sensitivity of prostate-specific antigen values for those with diabetes.

Indexed as

Diabetes mellitusEarly detection of cancerMeta-analysisProstatic neoplasmsRisk factorsSystematic review

Identifiers

PMID39028128
PMCPMC11937354

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.