Evidence mapPaperPMID 39030749Full record

SynthesisAnnals of clinical and translational neurology2024

Muscle hypertrophy following acquired neurogenic injury: systematic review and analysis of existing literature.

Camilla Mm Strano, Luca Bosco, Christian Laurini, Giacomo Sferruzza, Carla Butera, Yuri M Falzone, Benedetta Sorrenti, Adele Ratti, Laura Tufano, Luca Leonardi and 7 more

Abstract readSystematic ReviewCase Reports
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Annals of clinical and translational neurology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Camilla Mm StranoNeurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.ORCID 0009-0003-2715-6232
Luca BoscoNeurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
Christian LauriniNeurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
Giacomo SferruzzaNeuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
Carla ButeraNeurophysiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
Yuri M FalzoneNeurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
Benedetta SorrentiNeurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
Adele RattiNeurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
Laura TufanoDepartment of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, SAPIENZA University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Luca LeonardiNeurophysiology Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy.
Gloria MerlonghiDepartment of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, SAPIENZA University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Stefania MorinoNeurophysiology Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy.
Simonetta GereviniUnit of Neuroradiology, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy.
Ubaldo Del CarroNeurophysiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
Matteo GaribaldiDepartment of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, SAPIENZA University of Rome, Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-1830-2886
Massimo FilippiNeurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-5485-0479
Stefano C PrevitaliNeurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesNeurogenic muscle hypertrophy (NMH) is a rare condition characterized by focal muscle hypertrophy caused by chronic partial nervous injury. Given its infrequency, underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Inspired by two clinical cases, we conducted a systematic review to gain insights into the different aspects of NMH.

methodsWe systematically searched online databases up until May 30, 2023, for reports of muscle hypertrophy attributed to acquired neurogenic factors. We conducted an exploratory analysis to identify commonly associated features. We also report two representative clinical cases.

resultsOur search identified 63 reports, describing 93 NMH cases, to which we added our two cases. NMH predominantly affects patients with compressive radiculopathy (68.4%), negligible muscular weakness (93.3%), and a chronic increase in muscle bulk. A striking finding in most neurophysiological studies (60.0%) is profuse spontaneous discharges, often hindering the analysis of voluntary traces. Some patients exhibited features consistent with more significant muscle damage, including higher creatine phosphokinase levels, muscle pain, and inflammatory muscle infiltration. These patients are sometimes referred to in literature as "focal myositis." Treatment encompassed corticosteroid, Botulinum Toxin A, decompressive surgery, antiepileptic medications, and nerve blocks, demonstrating varying degrees of efficacy. Botulinum Toxin A yielded the most favorable response in terms of reducing spontaneous discharges.

interpretationThis systematic review aims to provide a clear description and categorization of this uncommon presentation of an often-overlooked neurological disorder. Though questions remain about the underlying mechanism, evidence suggests that aberrant fiber overstimulation along with increased workload that promotes focal damage may result in muscle hypertrophy. This may serve as a guide for therapeutic interventions.

Indexed as

HypertrophyHumansMuscle, Skeletal

Identifiers

PMID39030749
PMCPMC11330231

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.