ArticleDiabetes care2024
Hemoglobin A1c Genetics and Disparities in Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy in Individuals of Genetically Inferred African American/African British and European Ancestries.
Article in Diabetes care, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Large-scale admixture mapping in the All of Us Research Program improves the characterization of cross-population phenotypic differences.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Insights into the genetic aetiology of diabetes in Africa.EBioMedicine · 2026Review
- Proteoform medicine: characterizing and targeting protein forms in human disease.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2026Review
- Case Report: Abnormally low hemoglobin A1c in a diabetic patient withFrontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Use of serum long non-coding RNA expression panel as a marker for diabetic retinopathy.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveIndividuals with diabetes who carry genetic variants that lower hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) independently of glycemia may have higher real, but undetected, hyperglycemia compared with those without these variants despite achieving similar HbA1c targets, potentially placing them at greater risk for diabetes-related complications. We sought to determine whether these genetic variants, aggregated in a polygenic score, and the large-effect African ancestry-specific missense variant in G6PD (rs1050828) that lower HbA1c were associated with higher retinopathy risk. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsUsing data from 29,828 type 2 diabetes cases of genetically inferred African American/African British and European ancestries, we calculated ancestry-specific nonglycemic HbA1c polygenic scores (ngA1cPS) composed of 122 variants associated with HbA1c at genome-wide significance, but not with glucose. We tested the association of the ngA1cPS and the G6PD variant with retinopathy, adjusting for measured HbA1c and retinopathy risk factors.
resultsParticipants in the bottom quintile of the ngA1cPS showed between 20% and 50% higher retinopathy prevalence, compared with those above this quintile, despite similar levels of measured HbA1c. The adjusted meta-analytic odds ratio for the bottom quintile was 1.31 (95% CI 1.0, 1.73; P = 0.05) in African ancestry and 1.31 (95% CI 1.15, 1.50; P = 6.5 × 10-5) in European ancestry. Among individuals of African ancestry with HbA1c below 7%, retinopathy prevalence was higher in individuals below, compared with above, the 50th percentile of the ngA1cPS regardless of sex or G6PD carrier status.
conclusionsGenetic effects need to be considered to personalize HbA1c targets and improve outcomes of people with diabetes from diverse ancestries.
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