ArticleThe journal of headache and pain2024
Elevated cytokine levels in the central nervous system of cluster headache patients in bout and in remission.
Article in The journal of headache and pain, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Genome-wide association susceptibility loci for cluster headache support a role for inflammation in the pathophysiology.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Pooled it
- CGRP-provoked headache is associated with a neuroimmune signature in idiopathic intracranial hypertension.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Trial
- CXCL10 knockdown attenuates vestibular migraine in rats by inhibiting PI3K-mediated neuroinflammation and central sensitization.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Article
- Bridging the gap: molecular mechanisms, regional activity and connectivity in headache disorders.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2026Review
- Whole blood DNA methylation signature of epigenetic aging in medication overuse headache.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Article
- Intranasal SARS-CoV-2 infection changes the transcriptome of the mouse trigeminal ganglion and brainstem: potential mechanisms underlying headache and trigeminal pain presentation in COVID-19.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Identifying potential inflammatory therapeutic targets and drug candidates in small fiber neuropathy: integrating Mendelian randomization, experimental validation, and deep learning.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- CXCL10 Involvement in Vestibular Migraine via the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Article
- Distinct Alterations of Inflammatory Biomarkers in Cluster Headache: A Case Control Study.Annals of neurology · 2025Article
- Uncovering drug targets for cluster headache through proteome-wide Mendelian randomization analysis.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Article
- Unraveling the relationship between inflammation and cluster headache.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCluster headache is characterized by activation of the trigeminovascular pathway with subsequent pain signalling in the meningeal vessels, and inflammation has been suggested to play a role in the pathophysiology. To further investigate inflammation in cluster headache, inflammatory markers were analysed in patients with cluster headache and controls.
methodsWe performed a case-control study, collecting cerebrospinal fluid and serum samples from healthy controls, cluster headache patients in remission, active bout, and during an attack to cover the dynamic range of the cluster headache phenotype. Inflammatory markers were quantified using Target 48 OLINK cytokine panels.
resultsAltered levels of several cytokines were found in patients with cluster headache compared to controls. CCL8, CCL13, CCL11, CXCL10, CXCL11, HGF, MMP1, TNFSF10 and TNFSF12 levels in cerebrospinal fluid were comparable in active bout and remission, though significantly higher than in controls. In serum samples, CCL11 and CXCL11 displayed decreased levels in patients. Only one cytokine, IL-13 was differentially expressed in serum during attacks. CONCLUSION AND
interpretationOur data shows signs of possible neuroinflammation occurring in biological samples from cluster headache patients. Increased cerebrospinal fluid cytokine levels are detectable in active bout and during remission, indicating neuroinflammation could be considered a marker for cluster headache and is unrelated to the different phases of the disorder.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.