Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39046308›Full record

SynthesisJournal of diabetes investigation2024

Efficacy of long-term low carbohydrate diets for patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Takahiro Ichikawa, Hiroshi Okada, Junya Hironaka, Hanako Nakajima, Takuro Okamura, Saori Majima, Takafumi Senmaru, Emi Ushigome, Naoko Nakanishi, Masahide Hamaguchi and 3 more

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of diabetes investigation, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Guideline
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Takahiro IchikawaDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2545-5410
Hiroshi OkadaDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
Junya HironakaDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2970-5333
Hanako NakajimaDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3209-1790
Takuro OkamuraDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7269-1697
Saori MajimaDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
Takafumi SenmaruDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
Emi UshigomeDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1031-4380
Naoko NakanishiDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
Masahide HamaguchiDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8651-4445
Erina JooDepartment of Metabolism and Clinical Nutrition, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.
Kenichiro ShideDepartment of Metabolism and Clinical Nutrition, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.
Michiaki FukuiDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

AIMS/

introductionEfficacy of long-term low-carbohydrate diets (LCD) to improve glycemic management for type 2 diabetes remains controversial. Thus, we investigated the association between long-term LCD and glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND

methodsWe searched PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Database for articles published up to June 2023, and included randomized controlled trials conducted on LCD interventions for >12 months in adults with type 2 diabetes. Primary outcome was the difference in glycated hemoglobin between long-term LCD and control groups. Additionally, we evaluated the differences in changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, and weight between long-term LCD and control groups.

resultsSix studies were identified and met the inclusion criteria. This study did not show significant differences in changes in glycated hemoglobin between long-term LCD and control diets (standardized mean difference -0.11, 95% confidence interval -0.33 to 0.11, P = 0.32). As with glycemic control, there were no significant differences in the changes in weight loss, blood pressure, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol between long-term LCD and control diets. However, long-term LCD were associated with greater elevation in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (standardized mean difference 0.22, 95% confidence interval 0.04-0.41; P = 0.02) and decrease in triglyceride (standardized mean difference -0.19; 95% confidence interval -0.37 to 0.02; P = 0.03) than that in control diets.

conclusionsOur findings suggest efficacy of long-term LCD in treating dyslipidemia in individuals with type 2 diabetes, but do not recommend long-term LCD for glycemic control in the individuals.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diet, Carbohydrate-RestrictedBlood GlucoseBlood PressureGlycated HemoglobinGlycemic ControlHumansRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicTreatment OutcomeBlood GlucoseGlycated Hemoglobinhemoglobin A1c protein, humanLow carbohydrate dietMeta‐analysisType 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID39046308
PMCPMC11442754

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.