Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39048549›Full record

Trial reportTranslational psychiatry2024

Examining immune-inflammatory mechanisms of probiotic supplementation in depression: secondary findings from a randomized clinical trial.

Lukas Sempach, Jessica P K Doll, Verena Limbach, Flavia Marzetta, Anna-Chiara Schaub, Else Schneider, Cedric Kettelhack, Laura Mählmann, Nina Schweinfurth-Keck, Mark Ibberson and 2 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Translational psychiatry, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02957591 (The Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on the Efficacy of Antidepressant Treatment in Depression), which is not on this map. Cited by 13 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02957591 nacompletednot on this map

The Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on the Efficacy of Antidepressant Treatment in Depression

TypeinterventionalSponsorPsychiatric Hospital of the University of BaselRan2017 to 2020Enrolled60ConditionsSevere DepressionArmsVivomixx®, Placebo
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Lukas Sempach *Translational Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Research (DKF), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. lukas.sempach@unibas.ch.ORCID 0009-0000-7785-0052
Jessica P K Doll *Translational Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Research (DKF), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Verena Limbach *Translational Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Research (DKF), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Flavia MarzettaVital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Anna-Chiara SchaubUniversity Psychiatric Clinics Basel (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-1931-343X
Else SchneiderUniversity Psychiatric Clinics Basel (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-7550-9272
Cedric KettelhackUniversity Psychiatric Clinics Basel (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Laura MählmannUniversity Psychiatric Clinics Basel (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Nina Schweinfurth-KeckUniversity Psychiatric Clinics Basel (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Mark IbbersonVital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-3152-5670
Undine E LangUniversity Psychiatric Clinics Basel (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
André SchmidtTranslational Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Research (DKF), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-6055-8397

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We recently indicated that four-week probiotic supplementation significantly reduced depression along with microbial and neural changes in people with depression. Here we further elucidated the biological modes of action underlying the beneficial clinical effects of probiotics by focusing on immune-inflammatory processes. The analysis included a total of N = 43 participants with depression, from which N = 19 received the probiotic supplement and N = 24 received a placebo over four weeks, in addition to treatment as usual. Blood and saliva were collected at baseline, at post-intervention (week 4) and follow-up (week 8) to assess immune-inflammatory markers (IL-1β, IL-6, CRP, MIF), gut-related hormones (ghrelin, leptin), and a stress marker (cortisol). Furthermore, transcriptomic analyses were conducted to identify differentially expressed genes. Finally, we analyzed the associations between probiotic-induced clinical and immune-inflammatory changes. We observed a significant group x time interaction for the gut hormone ghrelin, indicative of an increase in the probiotics group. Additionally, the increase in ghrelin was correlated with the decrease in depressive symptoms in the probiotics group. Transcriptomic analyses identified 51 up- and 57 down-regulated genes, which were involved in functional pathways related to enhanced immune activity. We identified a probiotic-dependent upregulation of the genes ELANE, DEFA4 and OLFM4 associated to immune activation and ghrelin concentration. These results underscore the potential of probiotic supplementation to produce biological meaningful changes in immune activation in patients with depression. Further large-scale mechanistic trials are warranted to validate and extend our understanding of immune-inflammatory measures as potential biomarkers for stratification and treatment response in depression. Trial Registration: www.clinicaltrials.gov , identifier: NCT02957591.

Indexed as

ProbioticsAdultBiomarkersDepressionDietary SupplementsDouble-Blind MethodFemaleGhrelinHumansHydrocortisoneInflammationLeptinMaleMiddle AgedSalivaBiomarkersGhrelinHydrocortisoneLeptin

Identifiers

PMID39048549
PMCPMC11269721

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.