ArticleInfectious disease reports2024
Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Induction in COVID-19 Is Poorly Associated with Disease Severity and Cholesterol Levels.
Article in Infectious disease reports, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- A Reproducible Ceramide Phenotype of Sepsis Across Aetiologies - A Monocenter Cohort Study.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
- Reduced Serum Soluble L-Selectin Levels but Not PCSK9 May Be Associated With Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Case-Control Study.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2026Article
- Systemic PCSK9 elevation characterises autoimmune liver disease across sexes.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Profiles of PCSK9, SREBP-2, and histopathology in COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 critical illness.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Cholesteryl Ester Species but Not Serum Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Levels Decline in Male Patients with Active Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2025Article
- Elevated plasma soluble lectin-like oxidised low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 as an independent prognostic biomarker in sepsis.Lipids in health and disease · 2025Article
- Cholesterol and Cholesterol-Lowering Medications in COVID-19-An Unresolved Matter.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection was shown to induce proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) plasma levels in sepsis. Here, we investigate the association between serum PCSK9 levels and disease severity. PCSK9 was measured in serum of 55 controls, 40 patients with moderate and 60 patients with severe COVID-19 disease. Serum PCSK9 was elevated in moderate COVID-19 compared to controls and further increased in severe cases. PCSK9 levels were not associated with C-reactive protein, bacterial superinfections, interventions, or survival in patients with severe COVID-19. PCSK9 regulates circulating cholesterol levels, and 15 cholesteryl ester (CE) species and free cholesterol (FC) were quantified by direct flow injection analysis using a high-resolution hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer. Most CE species with shorter fatty acid chains were decreased in severe compared to moderate COVID-19, and none of the CE species were correlated with PCSK9 in patients with severe COVID-19. Levels of all CE species negatively correlated with C-reactive protein in severe COVID-19 patients. Notably, FC was induced in severe compared to moderate COVID-19. The FC/CE ratio correlated positively with inflammatory markers and was associated with non-survival. The current study suggests that the imbalance between CE and FC levels is associated with disease severity and mortality in patients with COVID-19.
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