Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39052918›Full record

ArticleSchizophrenia bulletin2025

Do Cognitive Subtypes Exist in People at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis? Results From the EU-GEI Study.

George Gifford, Alessia Avila, Matthew J Kempton, Paolo Fusar-Poli, Robert A McCutcheon, Fiona Coutts, Stefania Tognin, Lucia Valmaggia, Lieuwe de Haan, Mark van der Gaag and 13 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Schizophrenia bulletin, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

23 authors.

George GiffordDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-0156-6917
Alessia AvilaFaculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
Matthew J KemptonDepartment of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Paolo Fusar-PoliDepartment of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Robert A McCutcheonDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Fiona CouttsDepartment of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Stefania TogninDepartment of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-1983-9135
Lucia ValmaggiaDepartment of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Lieuwe de HaanDepartment Early Psychosis, AMC, Academic Psychiatric Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Mark van der GaagDepartment of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Barnaby NelsonOrygen, Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.
Christos PantelisMelbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Vic, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-9565-0238
Anita Riecher-RösslerMedical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-6361-8789
Rodrigo BressanDepartment of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Lab for Clinical Neurosciences (LiNC), Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Neus Barrantes-VidalDepartamento de Psicologia Clínica i de la Salut (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona), Fundació Sanitària Sant Pere Claver (Spain), Spanish Mental Health Research Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-8671-1238
Marie-Odile KrebsUniversity Paris Descartes, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, C'JAAD, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, Inserm U894, Institut de Psychiatrie (CNRS 3557), Paris, France.
Birte GlenthøjCentre for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR) & Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric SchizophreSnia Research (CINS), Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark.
Stephan RuhrmannDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Gabriele SachsDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.ORCID 0000-0002-8359-9877
Bart P F RuttenDepartment of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Jim van OsDepartment of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-7245-1586
Eu-Gei High Risk StudyDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Philip McGuireDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

Funding

European Community's Seventh Framework Program
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

background and hypothesisCognition has been associated with socio-occupational functioning in individuals at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis (CHR-P). The present study hypothesized that clustering CHR-P participants based on cognitive data could reveal clinically meaningful subtypes. STUDY

designA cohort of 291 CHR-P subjects was recruited through the multicentre EU-GEI high-risk study. We explored whether an underlying cluster structure was present in the cognition data. Clustering of cognition data was performed using k-means clustering and density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise. Cognitive subtypes were validated by comparing differences in functioning, psychosis symptoms, transition outcome, and grey matter volume between clusters. Network analysis was used to further examine relationships between cognition scores and clinical symptoms. STUDY

resultsNo underlying cluster structure was found in the cognitive data. K-means clustering produced "spared" and "impaired" cognition clusters similar to those reported in previous studies. However, these clusters were not associated with differences in functioning, symptomatology, outcome, or grey matter volume. Network analysis identified cognition and symptoms/functioning measures that formed separate subnetworks of associations.

conclusionsStratifying patients according to cognitive performance has the potential to inform clinical care. However, we did not find evidence of cognitive clusters in this CHR-P sample. We suggest that care needs to be taken in inferring the existence of distinct cognitive subtypes from unsupervised learning studies. Future research in CHR-P samples could explore the existence of cognitive subtypes across a wider range of cognitive domains.

Indexed as

Cognitive DysfunctionProdromal SymptomsPsychotic DisordersAdolescentAdultCluster AnalysisCohort StudiesFemaleGray MatterHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleRiskYoung Adultclinical high risk for psychosisclusteringcognitionunsupervised learning

Identifiers

PMID39052918
PMCPMC12236347

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.