ArticleCells2024
Differentiating Stages of Bipolar and Unipolar Depression-The Possible Role of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1.
Article in Cells, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Reconceptualizing bipolar disorder through an integrative biological lens: synthesis, convergence, and emerging directions.Frontiers in integrative neuroscience · 2026Review
- Roots of Progress: Uncovering Cerebellar Ataxias Using iPSC Models.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Effects of Heated Tobacco Use on Blood Parameters and Cardiovascular Risk in Healthy Men.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2025Article
- Zinc valproic acid complex promotes osteoblast differentiation and exhibits anti-osteoporotic potential.Open life sciences · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Increased immune-inflammatory activation has been repeatedly linked to etiopathogenesis and the progression of both major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar depression (BD). We explore the role of soluble intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) in diagnostic differentiation and disorder progression in patients with MDD and BD. Serum levels of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 were measured in 137 patients (MDD = 93 and BD = 44) and compared with 73 healthy controls. The severity of psychopathology was assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Clinical Global Impression Scale. After adjustment for multiple confounders, we noticed significant downregulation of sVCAM-1 and upregulation of sICAM-1 levels in both patient groups. Decreased sVCAM-1 levels were detected in patients with acute episodes of BD when compared to MDD. Immune mediators were related to indicators of progression in both mood disorders. They also followed different post-treatment normalization patterns in MDD and BD and in relation to the stage of each disorder. Adhesion molecules could potentially be useful in discriminating between patients with MDD and BD and determining the possible progression of the disorders. Future nosological methods should include time-dependent pathoplasticity and biological correlates, at least for affective disorders.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.