Observational studyPathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2024
Persistently Elevated Expression of Systemic, Soluble Co-Inhibitory Immune Checkpoint Molecules in People Living with HIV before and One Year after Antiretroviral Therapy.
Observational study in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Proteomic Signature of Myocardial Fibrosis and Incident Heart Failure.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Unsupervised proteomic stratification of people living with HIV reveals inflammatory biotypes beyond conventional clinical classifications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- HIV reservoirs in lymphomagenesis: hidden driver in the era of viral suppression?Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
- Article
- Immunorecovered but Exhausted: Persistent PD-1/PD-L1 Expression Despite Virologic Suppression and CD4 Recovery in PLWH.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Deep Thought on the HIV Cured Cases: Where Have We Been and What Lies Ahead?Biomolecules · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionIncreasing drug resistance and the absence of a cure necessitates exploration of novel treatment strategies for people living with HIV (PLWH). Targeting of soluble co-inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules (sICMs) represents a novel, potentially effective strategy in the management of HIV.
methodsIn this retrospective, longitudinal, observational study, the plasma levels of five prominent co-inhibitory sICMs-CTLA-4, LAG-3, PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1, as well as TIM-3-were quantified in 68 PLWH-before and one year after antiretroviral therapy (ART)-and compared with those of 15 healthy control participants.
resultsRelative to control participants, PLWH had substantially elevated pre-treatment levels of all five co-inhibitory sICMs (
conclusionsPlasma levels of CTLA-4, LAG-3, PD-1, PD-L1 and TIM-3 were significantly elevated in treatment-naïve PLWH and remained so following one year of virally-suppressive ART, possibly identifying LAG-3 and TIM-3 in particular as potential targets for adjuvant immunotherapy.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.