Evidence mapPaperPMID 39061764Full record

ArticleBioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)2024

Anomaly Detection in Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) with a Vector-Quantized Variational Auto-Encoder (VQ-VAE).

Hana Jebril, Meltem Esengönül, Hrvoje Bogunović

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. An explainable unsupervised learning approach for anomaly detection on cornealFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Hana JebrilLab for Ophthalmic Image Analysis, Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
Meltem EsengönülLab for Ophthalmic Image Analysis, Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
Hrvoje BogunovićLab for Ophthalmic Image Analysis, Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.ORCID 0000-0002-9168-0894

Funding

Austrian Science Fund (FWF) 10.55776/FG9
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) provides detailed information on retinal blood flow and perfusion. Abnormal retinal perfusion indicates possible ocular or systemic disease. We propose a deep learning-based anomaly detection model to identify such anomalies in OCTA. It utilizes two deep learning approaches. First, a representation learning with a Vector-Quantized Variational Auto-Encoder (VQ-VAE) followed by Auto-Regressive (AR) modeling. Second, it exploits epistemic uncertainty estimates from Bayesian U-Net employed to segment the vasculature on OCTA en face images. Evaluation on two large public datasets, DRAC and OCTA-500, demonstrates effective anomaly detection (an AUROC of 0.92 for the DRAC and an AUROC of 0.75 for the OCTA-500) and localization (a mean Dice score of 0.61 for the DRAC) on this challenging task. To our knowledge, this is the first work that addresses anomaly detection in OCTA.

Indexed as

anomaly detectiondeep learningepistemic uncertaintyOCTAophthalmologyretinaVQ-VAE

Identifiers

PMID39061764
PMCPMC11273395

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.