Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39062035›Full record

ReviewBiomedicines2024

Cerebral Microbleeds Associate with Brain Endothelial Cell Activation-Dysfunction and Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction/Disruption with Increased Risk of Hemorrhagic and Ischemic Stroke.

Melvin R Hayden

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Biomedicines, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  3. Review
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  6. Article
  7. Review
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  9. Prospective study of primary aldosteronism in acute ischemic stroke: association with small vessel disease.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2025
    Article
  10. Article
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  15. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Melvin R HaydenDepartment of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5178-4245

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Globally, cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are increasingly being viewed not only as a marker for cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) but also as having an increased risk for the development of stroke (hemorrhagic/ischemic) and aging-related dementia. Recently, brain endothelial cell activation and dysfunction and blood-brain barrier dysfunction and/or disruption have been shown to be associated with SVD, enlarged perivascular spaces, and the development and evolution of CMBs. CMBs are a known disorder of cerebral microvessels that are visualized as 3-5 mm, smooth, round, or oval, and hypointense (black) lesions seen only on T2*-weighted gradient recall echo or susceptibility-weighted sequences MRI images. CMBs are known to occur with high prevalence in community-dwelling older individuals. Since our current global population is the oldest recorded in history and is only expected to continue to grow, we can expect the healthcare burdens associated with CMBs to also grow. Increased numbers (≥10) of CMBs should raise a red flag regarding the increased risk of large symptomatic neurologic intracerebral hemorrhages. Importantly, CMBs are also currently regarded as markers of diffuse vascular and neurodegenerative brain damage. Herein author highlights that it is essential to learn as much as we can about CMB development, evolution, and their relation to impaired cognition, dementia, and the exacerbation of neurodegeneration.

Indexed as

Alzheimer’s diseaseblood–brain barriercerebral amyloid angiopathycerebral microbleedscerebral small vessel diseasedementiahypertensionmagnetic resonance imagingneurovascular unittransmission electron microscopy

Identifiers

PMID39062035
PMCPMC11274519

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.