ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2024
Establishing Normal Serum Values of Neurofilament Light Chains and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Considering the Effects of Age and Other Demographic Factors in Healthy Adults.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Clinical utility of measuring circulating glial fibrillary acidic protein in severe stroke.Stroke and vascular neurology · 2026Review
- Age-adjusted neurofilament light chain cutoffs for diagnosing neurodegenerative dementia: a two-threshold machine learning approach.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and Neurofilament Light Reference Intervals in Healthy Individuals.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Prognostic Value of Neurofilament Light Chain and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein in ALD-Related Myelopathy.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Blood-based biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease: potential utility in clinical practice.Current opinion in neurology · 2026Review
- Serum neurofilament light chain and glial fibrillary acidic protein predicting multiple sclerosis after clinically isolated syndrome.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Reduced Plasma Aβ Peptides but Stable NfL and GFAP in Major Depressive Disorder.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Serum Neurofilament Light Chain and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein as Differential Biomarkers of Response to Dimethyl Fumarate and Ocrelizumab in Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Neurofilament light chain but not glial fibrillary acidic protein serum levels are elevated in Wolfram syndrome.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- Translating blood-based biomarkers into Alzheimer's disease clinical practice: screening, diagnosis, and longitudinal monitoring.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Review
- HERV-W association with serum biomarkers NfL and GFAP in multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Combining CSF and Serum Biomarkers to Differentiate Mechanisms of Disability Worsening in Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Observational
- Longitudinal evaluation of serum neurofilament light levels in normal healthy volunteers: defining a threshold of concern.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Identification of cellular factors associated with inflammation and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Cross-platform analytical assessment of serum GFAP quantification in multiple sclerosis: SIMOA versus two automated immunoassays.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- New serum soluble factors predicting inflammatory and non-inflammatory disability worsening in multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Effect of Natalizumab on sNfL and sGFAP Levels in Multiple Sclerosis Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Biomarkers of response to ocrelizumab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Multiple studies have shown the importance of blood-based biomarkers indicating axonal damage (serum neurofilament light chains [sNfL]) or astroglia activation (serum glial fibrillary acidic protein [sGFAP]) for monitoring different neurological diseases. However, normal values of these variables remain to be clearly defined, partly due to the influence of different demographic factors. We investigated demographic differences in a cohort of healthy volunteers. A cross-sectional study was conducted including 116 healthy controls with ages between 18 and 69 years (67.5% females; n = 79). sNfL and sGFAP concentrations were measured using single-molecule arrays. Age and body mass index affected sNfL values, and age was found to be the most important factor. The normal values changed with age, and we established normal values for individuals younger than 45 years as <10 pg/mL and for controls older than 45 years as <15 pg/mL. We established normal values at <10 pg/mL for individuals younger than 45 years and <15 pg/mL for older individuals. Alternatively, a Z-score of 1.5 was relevant for all controls. sGFAP was only affected by age. Differences in normal values were evident by 55 years. The highest normality limit for sGFAP was 140 pg/mL for controls under 55 years and 280 for older controls. We defined normal levels for sNfL and sGFAP and their corresponding age-associated changes. These data may contribute to the application of such variables in clinical practice.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.