ArticleJournal of personalized medicine2024
The Role of Pro-Inflammatory Chemokines CCL-1, 2, 4, and 5 in the Etiopathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Subjects from the Asir Region of Saudi Arabia: Correlation with Different Degrees of Obesity.
Article in Journal of personalized medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Irisin as an Associative Marker of Metabolic Dysregulation in Obesity: Comparative Profiling of IL-6, IL-15, IL-1β, and CCL2.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Degenerating intervertebral discs in the streptozotocin-high-fat diet model of type 2 diabetes show extensive inflammation.Disease models & mechanisms · 2025Article
- The transcriptome and secreted factors of the intervertebral discs in STZ-HFD Type 2 diabetic male mice reveal extensive inflammation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Association of increased serum I-309 with renal function impairment and diabetic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus.Endocrine connections · 2025Article
- Transcriptomic Redox Dysregulation in a Rat Model of Metabolic Syndrome-Associated Kidney Injury.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Unraveling the Mystery of Insulin Resistance: From Principle Mechanistic Insights and Consequences to Therapeutic Interventions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Identification of Interactive Genetic Loci Linked to Insulin Resistance in Metabolic Syndrome-An Update.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- The impact of diabetes mellitus on tendon pathology: a review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is becoming a major global health concern, especially in developing nations. The high prevalence of obesity and related diabetes cases are attributed to rapid economic progress, physical inactivity, the consumption of high-calorie foods, and changing lifestyles.
objectivesWe investigated the roles of pro-inflammatory chemokines CCL1, 2, 4, and 5 in T2DM with varying levels of obesity in the Asir region of Saudi Arabia. MATERIALS AND
methodsIn total, 170 confirmed T2DM subjects and a normal control group were enrolled. Demographic data, serum levels of CCL-1, 2, 4, and 5, and biochemical indices were assessed in the subjects and control groups by standard procedures.
resultsT2DM subjects were divided into four groups: A (normal body weight), B (overweight), C (obese), and D (highly obese). We observed that male and female control subjects had similar mean serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory chemokines CCL-1, 2, 4, and 5. T2DM subjects in all the four groups showed significantly higher levels of all the four chemokines compared to the controls, regardless of gender. In T2DM subjects with obesity and severe obesity, the rise was most significant. There was a progressive rise in the concentrations of CCL-1, 2, and 4 in T2DM subjects with increasing BMI. Serum CCL5 levels increased significantly in all T2DM subject groups. The increase in CCL5 was more predominant in normal-weight people, compared to overweight and obese T2DM subjects.
conclusionsMale and female control subjects had similar serum levels of pro-inflammatory chemokines CCL-1, 2, 4, and 5. The progressive rise in blood concentrations of three pro-inflammatory chemokines CCL-1, 2, and 4 in T2DM subjects with increasing BMI supports the idea that dyslipidemia and obesity contribute to chronic inflammation and insulin resistance. Serum CCL5 levels increased significantly in all T2DM subject groups. The selective and more pronounced increase in CCL5 in the T2DM group with normal BMI, compared to subjects with varying degrees of obesity, was rather surprising. Further research is needed to determine if CCL5 underexpression in overweight and obese T2DM subjects is due to some unexplained counterbalancing processes.
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