Evidence mapPaperPMID 39086233Full record

SynthesisInternational journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society2025

Early neurological deterioration in acute lacunar ischemic stroke: Systematic review of incidence, mechanisms, and prospects for treatment.

David J Werring, Hatice Ozkan, Fergus Doubal, Jesse Dawson, Nick Freemantle, Ahamad Hassan, Suong Thi Ngoc Le, Dermot Mallon, Rom Mendel, Hugh S Markus and 2 more

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. CT Perfusion in lacunar stroke: a powerful tool to enhance lacunar stroke detection and prediction of patients' outcome.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Observational
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

David J WerringStroke Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-2074-1861
Hatice OzkanStroke Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-1656-4559
Fergus DoubalCentre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Row Fogo Centre for Research into Ageing and the Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Jesse DawsonSchool of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-7532-2475
Nick FreemantleComprehensive Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK.
Ahamad HassanDepartment of Neurology, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK.
Suong Thi Ngoc LeStroke Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
Dermot MallonLysholm Department of Neuroradiology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK.
Rom MendelStroke Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.ORCID 0009-0007-0308-4990
Hugh S MarkusDepartment of Clinical Neurosciences, Stroke Research Group, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-9794-5996
Jatinder S MinhasNIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-0576-9105
Alastair J S WebbImperial College London, London, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) causes between 25% and 30% of all ischemic strokes. In acute lacunar ischemic stroke, despite often mild initial symptoms, early neurological deterioration (END) occurs in approximately 15-20% of patients and is associated with poor functional outcome, yet its mechanisms are not well understood.

aimsIn this review, we systematically evaluated data on: (1) definitions and incidence of END, (2) mechanisms of small vessel occlusion, (3) predictors and mechanisms of END, and (4) prospects for the prevention or treatment of patients with END. SUMMARY OF REVIEW: We identified 67 reports (including 13,407 participants) describing the incidence of END in acute lacunar ischemic stroke. The specified timescale for END varied from <24 h to 3 weeks. The rate of END ranged between 2.3% and 47.5% with a pooled incidence of 23.54% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 21.02-26.05) but heterogeneity was high (

conclusionsEND occurs in more than 20% of patients with acute lacunar ischemic stroke and might provide a novel target for clinical trials. A definition of an NIHSS ⩾2 decrease is most used and provides the best between-study homogeneity. END is consistently associated with poor functional outcome. Further research is needed to better identify patients at risk of END, to understand the underlying mechanisms, and to carry out new trials to test potential interventions.

Indexed as

Ischemic StrokeStroke, LacunarBrain IschemiaCerebral Small Vessel DiseasesHumansIncidenceAcute stroke therapyantithromboticcerebral perfusionlacunar strokesmall vessel diseasestroke

Identifiers

PMID39086233
PMCPMC11669265

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.