Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39088045›Full record

SynthesisPflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology2025

Explainable artificial intelligence for spectroscopy data: a review.

Jhonatan Contreras, Thomas Bocklitz

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  4. Review
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  8. Classification ofFrontiers in artificial intelligence · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Jhonatan ContrerasInstitute of Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany.
Thomas BocklitzInstitute of Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany. Thomas.bocklitz@uni-jena.de.

Funding

Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung 13N15466 (LPI-BT1), 13N15710 (LPI-BT3)European Research Council STAIN-IT, 101088997
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) has gained significant attention in various domains, including natural and medical image analysis. However, its application in spectroscopy remains relatively unexplored. This systematic review aims to fill this gap by providing a comprehensive overview of the current landscape of XAI in spectroscopy and identifying potential benefits and challenges associated with its implementation. Following the PRISMA guideline 2020, we conducted a systematic search across major journal databases, resulting in 259 initial search results. After removing duplicates and applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 21 scientific studies were included in this review. Notably, most of the studies focused on using XAI methods for spectral data analysis, emphasizing identifying significant spectral bands rather than specific intensity peaks. Among the most utilized AI techniques were SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), masking methods inspired by Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations (LIME), and Class Activation Mapping (CAM). These methods were favored due to their model-agnostic nature and ease of use, enabling interpretable explanations without modifying the original models. Future research should propose new methods and explore the adaptation of other XAI employed in other domains to better suit the unique characteristics of spectroscopic data.

Indexed as

Artificial IntelligenceSpectrum AnalysisAnimalsHumansExplainable artificial intelligenceInterpretabilityMachine learningRaman spectraSHAPSpectroscopy

Identifiers

PMID39088045
PMCPMC11958459

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.