Scoping review: the social and emotional impacts of gastroparesis.

Background: Patients with gastroparesis experience severe gastrointestinal symptoms including nausea, vomiting, early satiety, excessive fullness and bloating that can have significant negative effects on their mood, relationship with food/eating, and overall quality of life. The aim of this review was to systematically explore the literature on the social and emotional burdens experienced by patients with gastroparesis. Methods: PubMed and Google Scholar were used to identify potential articles for inclusion. The population of interest was those with abnormal gastric emptying. Studies were excluded if they focused on the effects of a particular treatment for gastroparesis. Thirty-one articles were included based on search criteria. Results: Three themes emerged, including healthcare utilization and opioid use, relationship between gastroparesis and mental health, and the impact of gastroparesis on lifestyle factors including sleep, nutrition, and social engagement. Patients experience challenges from a perceived lack of understanding of medical providers and loved ones and difficult to manage symptoms. Symptom specific anxiety, underlying psychiatric history, and symptom severity are associated with distress around symptoms. Self-reported symptom severity and severity of gastric emptying are not highly correlated. Conclusions: Patients with acute onset and gradually worsening of symptoms over time are likely at increased risk of distress related to their disease. Patients commonly experience isolation from their medical providers and in other social relationships. Treatments aimed not only at reducing the severity of symptoms but also helping patients with gastroparesis engage with the enjoyed aspects of life are essential in mitigating the social and emotional impacts of gastroparesis.