ArticleFrontiers in pharmacology2024
Metabolic characterization of the new benzimidazole synthetic opioids - nitazenes.
Article in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Landscaping the Nitazene Scaffold to Identify Novel Mu-Opioid Receptor Modulators: From Molecular Design and Chemical Synthesis to Pharmacological Profiling.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- 5-Methyl etodesnitazene human metabolism: LC-ESIAnalytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Human metabolism and pharmacological profiling of protonitazepyne and metonitazepyne, two highly potent nitazenes: prediction of main metabolite activity based on µ-opioid receptor docking simulations.Archives of toxicology · 2026Article
- Acute toxicity and sex-dependent lethality of isotonitazene in fischer 344 rats.Frontiers in toxicology · 2026Article
- Review
- Article
- The emergence of nitazenes: a new chapter in the synthetic opioid crisis.Archives of toxicology · 2025Review
- Nitazenes: The Emergence of a Potent Synthetic Opioid Threat.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- A Comprehensive Narrative Review of Protonitazene: Pharmacological Characteristics, Detection Techniques, and Toxicology.Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology · 2025Review
- Biotransformation and kinetics of selected benzimidazole synthetic opioids in human hepatocytes.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Characterization of novel nitazene recreational drugs: Insights into their risk potential from in vitro µ-opioid receptor assays and in vivo behavioral studies in mice.Pharmacological research · 2024Article
- Nitazenes: An Old Drug Class Causing New Problems.Missouri medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The recent re-emergence and the increasing popularity of nitazenes, a group of new synthetic opioids (NSO) that belong to the benzimidazole chemical class, has raised public health concerns. As a class of potential opioid analgesic agents whose development was discontinued in the 1960s due to their high potential for abuse, very little is known about their metabolism and physiologic disposition. In the current study, three nitazenes-butonitazene, isotonitazene and protonitaze were incubated in human liver microsomes (HLM), human S9 (HS9) fractions and recombinant cytochrome P450 enzymes. All three nitazenes were rapidly metabolized in both HLM and HS9 with over 95% depletion within 60 min. In HLM, butonitazene, isotonitazene and protonitazene had
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.