ArticleActa diabetologica2025
Time above range and no coefficient of variation is associated with diabetic retinopathy in individuals with type 1 diabetes and glycated hemoglobin within target.
Article in Acta diabetologica, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effect of a Personalized Mobile Health Intervention Using Artificial Intelligence (the WARIFA App) Versus a Nonpersonalized Intervention on User-Defined Objectives, Healthy Lifestyles, and Management of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2026Trial
- Analysis of glycaemic control and treatment satisfaction with a connected smart pen cap in adults with type 1 diabetes: a randomised, open-label, parallel-group trial.Diabetologia · 2026Trial
- Sub-tenon triamcinolone acetonide injections in diabetic macular edema: analyzing interstitial fluid glucose fluctuations with continuous monitoring technology.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Association of continuous glucose monitoring metrics with early diabetic kidney disease in early-onset type 2 diabetes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Influence of smoking on glycaemic control in individuals with type 1 diabetes using flash glucose monitoring and its mediating role in the relationship between socioeconomic status and glycaemic control.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Article
- Metabolic syndrome in type 1 diabetes: higher time above range and glycemic variability revealed by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM).Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- Association between various blood glucose variability-related indicators during early ICU admission and 28-day mortality in non-diabetic patients with sepsis.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
Abstract
aimsThis study aimed to investigate the association between glucose metrics and diabetic retinopathy in type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients using flash continuous glucose monitoring (FGM) systems, including those maintaining glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) within the target range.
methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study involving 1070 T1D patients utilizing FGM systems. Data on clinical, anthropometric, and socioeconomic characteristics were collected and retinopathy was classified based on international standards.
resultsPatients' mean age was 47.6 ± 15.0 years, with 49.4% of them being females. Within the cohort, 24.8% of patients presented some form of retinopathy. In the analysis involving the entire sample of subjects, male gender (OR = 1.51, p = 0.027), Time Above Range (TAR) > 250 mg/dL (OR = 1.07, p = 0.025), duration of diabetes (OR = 1.09, p < 0.001), smoking (OR = 2.30, p < 0.001), and history of ischemic stroke (OR = 5.59, p = 0.025) were associated with diabetic retinopathy. No association was observed between the coefficient of variation and diabetic retinopathy (p = 0.934). In patients with HbA1c < 7%, the highest quartile of TAR > 250 was independently linked to diabetic retinopathy (OR = 8.32, p = 0.040), in addition to smoking (OR = 2.90, p = 0.031), duration of diabetes (OR = 1.09, p < 0.001), and hypertension (OR = 2.35, p = 0.040).
conclusionTAR > 250 mg/dL significantly emerges as a modifiable factor associated with diabetic retinopathy, even among those patients maintaining recommended HbA1c levels. Understanding glucose metrics is crucial for tailoring treatment strategies for T1D patients.
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39105807What Socratic holds
Registered trials
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