Trial reportDiabetes care2024
Closed-Loop Insulin Therapy for People With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With an Insulin Pump: A 12-Week Multicenter, Open-Label Randomized, Controlled, Crossover Trial.
Trial report in Diabetes care, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Efficacy and Safety of Automated Insulin Delivery in People With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Pooled it
- Closed-Loop Automated Insulin Delivery in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of continuous glucose monitoring on physical activity and diet in diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2026Pooled it
- From algorithm to alarm: a narrative review on insulin delivery innovation.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Article
- Article
- ChatCLIDS: Simulating Persuasive AI Dialogues to Promote Closed-Loop Insulin Adoption in Type 1 Diabetes Care.Proceedings of the ... AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence · 2026Article
- Impact of Short-Term Insulin Pump Therapy on Cardiometabolic Index in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2026Article
- Effectiveness and safety of automated insulin delivery in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- Role of automated insulin delivery in managing insulin-treated outpatients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.World journal of diabetes · 2025Article
- Early Stages of Automated Insulin Delivery.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2025Review
- Early Stages of Automated Insulin Delivery.Diabetes technology & therapeutics · 2025Review
- Research Gaps, Challenges, and Opportunities in Automated Insulin Delivery Systems.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2025Review
- Time in range-A new gold standard in type 2 diabetes research?Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Review
- Endocrinology: What You May Have Missed in 2024.Annals of internal medicine · 2025Review
- Insulin Pumps for Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes.Diabetes spectrum : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2025Article
- Automating Insulin Dosing and Delivery: The Latest in Algorithms, Calculators, and Devices.Diabetes spectrum : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2025Article
- 7. Diabetes Technology: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2025.Diabetes care · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveContinuous glucose monitoring (CGM) combined with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) achieves better glycemic control than multi-injection therapy in people with type 2 diabetes. The effectiveness of closed-loop therapy needs to be further evaluated in this population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsThe study objective was to measure the impact of a hybrid closed-loop device (DBLG1) compared with CSII + CGM on glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes previously treated with CSII. The randomized, controlled, crossover, two-period, open-label, and multicenter study was conducted from August 2022 to July 2023 in 17 individuals (9 to receive 6 weeks of CSII + CGM first and 8 to receive 6 weeks of closed-loop therapy first). The primary end point was the percentage time in range (TIR: 70-180 mg/dL). Secondary outcomes were other CGM-glucose metrics, physical activity, and sleep objectively measured using 1-week actimetry.
resultsData were analyzed using a modified intention-to-treat approach. Mean age was 63 (SD 9) years and 35% were women. Mean HbA1c at inclusion was 7.9% (SD 0.9). TIR increased to 76.0% (interquartile range 69.0-84.0) during the closed-loop condition vs. 61.0% (interquartile range 55.0-70.0) during the CSII + CGM condition; mean difference was 15.0 percentage points (interquartile range 8.0-22.0; P < 0.001). Analyses of secondary end points showed a decrease in time above range, in glucose management indicator, in glucose variability, and an increase in daily insulin dose. Actimetric sleep analysis showed an improvement in sleep fragmentation during closed-loop treatment.
conclusionsClosed-loop therapy improved glycemic control more than did CSII + CGM in people with type 2 diabetes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.