ArticleScience advances2024
Insulin restores retinal ganglion cell functional connectivity and promotes visual recovery in glaucoma.
Article in Science advances, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Anti-Apoptotic and Neurite-Protective Nanomedicine Augments Embryonic Stem Cells-Derived Retinal Ganglion Cell Transplantation in Glaucoma Recovery.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- A Phase I Randomized Trial of Topical Insulin for Glaucoma: Safety and Efficacy Outcomes.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Synaptic control of retinal ganglion cell survival and axon regeneration.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2026Review
- Stress-induced mitochondrial fragmentation in endothelial cells disrupts blood-retinal barrier integrity causing neurodegeneration.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- Lycium barbarum glycopeptide confers neuroprotection in chronic ocular hypertensive rats: a study investigating visual function, retinal structure, microcirculation, and pyroptosis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Topical WIN 55 212-2 Confers Long-Term Intraocular Pressure-Independent Neuroprotection in the DBA/2J Mouse Model of Glaucoma.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Research progress on molecular therapy for glaucoma (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2026Review
- Prospects for Neuroprotective Therapies in Glaucoma: Drug Targets and Emerging Clinical Strategies.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
- AKAP1 regulates mitochondrial and synaptic homeostasis to enable neuroprotection and repair in retinal ganglion cell degeneration.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Local Insulin for Local Needs? Insights into Retinal Insulin Signaling and RPE Metabolism.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Early-stage diabetic retinopathy: gut-metabolic triggers, immune-neurodegeneration, and interventions.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Review
- Insulin-Enhanced Biological Visual Rehabilitation in Neuroretinal Degeneration Patients Treated with Mesenchymal Cell-Derived Secretome.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- The Effect of Advancing Age and Intraocular Pressure Injury on Retinal Ganglion Cell Function and Synaptic Connectivity.Aging cell · 2025Article
- Emerging strategies targeting genes and cells in glaucoma.Vision research · 2025Review
- Mechanobiology in the eye.npj biological physics and mechanics · 2025Review
- Oral nicotinamide provides robust, dose-dependent structural and metabolic neuroprotection of retinal ganglion cells in experimental glaucoma.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Dendrite pathology and synaptic loss result in neural circuit dysfunction, a common feature of neurodegenerative diseases. There is a lack of strategies that target dendritic and synaptic regeneration to promote neurorecovery. We show that daily human recombinant insulin eye drops stimulate retinal ganglion cell (RGC) dendrite and synapse regeneration during ocular hypertension, a risk factor to develop glaucoma. We demonstrate that the ribosomal protein p70S6 kinase (S6K) is essential for insulin-dependent dendritic regrowth. Furthermore, S6K phosphorylation of the stress-activated protein kinase-interacting protein 1 (SIN1), a link between the mammalian target of rapamycin complexes 1 and 2 (mTORC1/2), is required for insulin-induced dendritic regeneration. Using two-photon microscopy live retinal imaging, we show that insulin rescues single-RGC light-evoked calcium (Ca
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.