Evidence mapPaperPMID 39113385Full record

Trial reportObesity (Silver Spring, Md.)2024

Gut-derived appetite hormones do not explain energy intake differences in humans following low-carbohydrate versus low-fat diets.

Aaron Hengist, Christina M Sciarrillo, Juen Guo, Mary Walter, Kevin D Hall

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Aaron HengistNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4573-7105
Christina M SciarrilloNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Juen GuoNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Mary WalterNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Kevin D HallNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4062-3133

Funding

Clinical Research and Assay SupportZICDK071006 · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DIABETES AND DIGESTIVE AND KIDNEY DISEASES · 2025 to 2025
$1.6M
Modeling interactions of diet, exercise, metabolism, and weight change in humansZIADK013037 · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DIABETES AND DIGESTIVE AND KIDNEY DISEASES · 2025 to 2025
$680k
Intramural NIH HHS ZIA DK013037Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases 1ZIADK013037
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThe objective of this study was to explore how dietary macronutrient composition influences postprandial appetite hormone responses and subsequent energy intake.

methodsA total of 20 adults (mean [SEM], age 30 [1] years, BMI 27.8 [1.3] kg/m

resultsThe LC meal resulted in greater mean postprandial plasma active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1; LC: 6.44 [0.78] pg/mL, LF: 2.46 [0.26] pg/mL; p < 0.0001), total glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP; LC: 578 [60] pg/mL, LF: 319 [37] pg/mL; p = 0.0004), and peptide YY (PYY; LC: 65.6 [5.6] pg/mL, LF: 50.7 [3.8] pg/mL; p = 0.02), whereas total ghrelin (LC: 184 [25] pg/mL, LF: 261 [47] pg/mL; p = 0.0009), active ghrelin (LC: 91 [9] pg/mL, LF: 232 [28] pg/mL; p < 0.0001), and leptin (LC: 26.9 [6.5] ng/mL, LF: 35.2 [7.5] ng/mL; p = 0.01) were lower compared with LF. Participants ate more during LC at lunch (244 [85] kcal; p = 0.01) and dinner (193 [86] kcal; p = 0.04), increasing total subsequent energy intake for the day compared with LF (551 [103] kcal; p < 0.0001).

conclusionsIn the short term, endogenous gut-derived appetite hormones do not necessarily determine ad libitum energy intake.

Indexed as

AppetiteCross-Over StudiesDiet, Carbohydrate-RestrictedDiet, Fat-RestrictedEnergy IntakeGastric Inhibitory PolypeptideGhrelinGlucagon-Like Peptide 1Peptide YYPostprandial PeriodAdultBlood GlucoseFemaleGastrointestinal HormonesHumansInsulinBlood GlucoseGastric Inhibitory PolypeptideGastrointestinal HormonesGhrelinGlucagon-Like Peptide 1InsulinPeptide YY

Identifiers

PMID39113385
PMCPMC11357890

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.