ReviewJournal of anxiety disorders2024
Reward processes in extinction learning and applications to exposure therapy.
Review in Journal of anxiety disorders, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT06564402 (Augmentation of Exposure Using Positive Mental Rehearsal in Individuals With Increased Social Anxiety), which is not on this map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Augmentation of Exposure Using Positive Mental Rehearsal in Individuals With Increased Social Anxiety
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Functional connectivity during positive mood and anxiety treatment response in children.Journal of affective disorders · 2026Article
- Augmenting extinction with counterconditioning strengthens and sustains neural safety representations in PTSD.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- From Expectation to Learning: A Mediational Model of Exposure Therapy Outcome in Anxiety Disorders.Psychotherapy and psychosomatics · 2026Article
- Are Fear Learning Processes Altered in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Social Anxiety, and Specific Phobia? Insights From the Late Positive Potential, Fear-Potentiated Startle, and Ratings.Psychophysiology · 2026Article
- Physical activity moderates the relationship between PTSD symptom severity and approach-avoidance conflict decision-making.Journal of anxiety disorders · 2025Article
- Anhedonia and PTSD symptom severity profiles differentially influence physical activity volume in trauma-exposed adults.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2025Article
- Temporal Predictions from Anhedonia To Anxiety in Adolescents with Major Depressive Disorder.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2025Article
- Functional connectivity between the nucleus accumbens and amygdala underlies avoidance learning during adolescence: Implications for developmental psychopathology.Development and psychopathology · 2025Article
- PTSD symptoms moderate predictors of psychophysiological arousal during fear inhibition: Evidence from a fear, reward, and neutral discrimination task.Journal of affective disorders · 2025Article
- Pretreatment anhedonia as a predictor of exposure-based anxiety treatment outcomes.Journal of psychiatric research · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are common and highly distressing mental health conditions. Exposure therapy is a gold-standard treatment for anxiety disorders. Mechanisms of Pavlovian fear learning, and particularly fear extinction, are central to exposure therapy. A growing body of evidence suggests an important role of reward processes during Pavlovian fear extinction. Nonetheless, predominant models of exposure therapy do not currently incorporate reward processes. Herein, we present a theoretical model of reward processes in relation to Pavlovian mechanisms of exposure therapy, including a focus on dopaminergic prediction error signaling, coinciding positive emotional experiences (i.e., relief), and unexpected positive outcomes. We then highlight avenues for further research and discuss potential strategies to leverage reward processes to maximize exposure therapy response, such as pre-exposure interventions to increase reward sensitivity or post-exposure rehearsal (e.g., savoring, imaginal recounting strategies) to enhance retrieval and retention of learned associations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.