Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39131037›Full record

ArticleCureus2024

The Correlations Between Concussions and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) in the National Football League: Why Does Society Keep Promoting Sports With High CTE Rates?

Mazen Zamzam, Kenan Sinan, Hashem Mohilldean, Sazid Hasan, Ehab S Saleh

Abstract readEditorial
In one paragraph

Article in Cureus, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Mazen ZamzamOrthopedic Surgery, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, USA.
Kenan SinanNeurology, Wayne State School of Medicine, Detroit, USA.
Hashem MohilldeanOrthopedic Surgery, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, USA.
Sazid HasanOrthopedic Surgery, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, USA.
Ehab S SalehOrthopedic Surgery, Corewell Health, Rochester, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The National Football League (NFL) is a highly popular sport in the United States, attracting numerous aspiring athletes due to its lucrative pay and fame. However, the pursuit of a career in the NFL comes with significant health risks, particularly concussions and their long-term effects. Repeated head traumas in the NFL can lead to chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by a spectrum ranging from cognitive and behavioral aberrations and has been linked to conditions such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Despite growing evidence, NFL officials have historically downplayed the connection between concussions and CTE, attributing symptoms to other factors such as performance-enhancing drugs. To address the concussion crisis, the NFL has implemented rule changes and partnered with engineers to develop safer helmets. However, the most effective approach to combating CTE involves early detection through MRI brain scans, which are a potential method for identifying the disease in living patients and subsequently facilitating early intervention. While other contact sports such as boxing have been shown to increase the risk of traumatic brain injury as well as CTE, the impact the NFL has on CTE is the most prominent in today's society. This editorial emphasizes the need for the NFL to acknowledge the clear link between concussions and CTE and to invest in comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic strategies such as new monoclonal antibody therapies. Despite ethical and technical challenges, such as the use of embryonic stem cells and the risks associated with radioactive scans, advancing these methods could save lives and improve the long-term health outcomes of current and former NFL players. Enhanced understanding and proactive management of CTE are crucial for mitigating the severe impact of concussions in professional football.

Indexed as

concussionhelmet usenational football leagueorthopedic surgerysport injurysports-related concussion

Identifiers

PMID39131037
PMCPMC11316672

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.