ArticleThe Plant cell2024
Conserved cis-elements enable NODULES WITH ACTIVATED DEFENSE1 regulation by NODULE INCEPTION during nodulation.
Article in The Plant cell, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- A recently evolved Nodulin recruited by NIN for root hair rhizobial infection in Medicago truncatula.The New phytologist · 2026Article
- Orchestrating symbiosis: how bacterial auxin programs soybean nodulation.The Plant cell · 2026Article
- Coordination of PTI and ETI in legume-rhizobium mutualism.aBIOTECH · 2026Review
- A Specific Sinorhizobium Flagellin Suppresses Legume Nodulation Through Immune Activation.Plant biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- Impacts of gene duplication in the evolution of symbiotic root nodule symbiosis in legumes.Frontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- Division of labor in the nodule: Plant GluTRs fuel heme biosynthesis for symbiosis.The Plant cell · 2025Article
- One versus many independent assemblies of symbiotic nitrogen fixation in flowering plants.Nature communications · 2025Review
- The secret of self-fertilizing plants: NIN-NAD1's role in symbiotic nitrogen fixation.The Plant cell · 2024Article
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12 authors.
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Abstract
Symbiotic nitrogen fixation within nitrogen-fixing clade (NFC) plants is thought to have arisen from a single gain followed by massive losses in the genomes of ancestral non-nodulating plants. However, molecular evidence supporting this model is limited. Here, we confirm through bioinformatic analysis that NODULES WITH ACTIVATED DEFENSE1 (NAD1) is present only in NFC plants and is thus an NFC-specific gene. Moreover, NAD1 was specifically expressed in nodules. We identified three conserved nodulation-associated cis-regulatory elements (NACE1-3) in the promoter of LjNAD1 from Lotus japonicus that are required for its nodule specific expression. A survey of NFC plants revealed that NACE1 and NACE2 are specific to the Fabales and Papilionoideae, respectively, while NACE3 is present in all NFC plants. Moreover, we found that nodule inception (NIN) directly binds to all three NACEs to activate NAD1 expression. Mutation of L. japonicus LjNAD1 resulted in the formation of abnormal symbiosomes with enlarged symbiosome space and frequent breakdown of bacteroids in nodules, resembling phenotypes reported for Medicago truncatula Mtnad1 and Mtnin mutants. These data point to NIN-NAD1 as an important module regulating rhizobial accommodation in nodules. The regulation of NAD1 by NIN in the NFC ancestor represent an important evolutionary adaptation for nodulation.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.