Evidence mapPaperPMID 39142721Full record

ArticleJournal of the American College of Cardiology2024

Prescription Patterns for Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in U.S. Health Systems.

Jung-Im Shin, Yunwen Xu, Alexander R Chang, Juan J Carrero, Carina M Flaherty, Amrita Mukhopadhyay, Lesley A Inker, Saul B Blecker, Leora I Horwitz, Morgan E Grams

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07434791 (GOaL Directed-STrategic Approach With New Disease-modifying theraApies to Reduce Kidney and Cardiovascular Risk in Patients With Diabetic Kidney Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07434791 nanot yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

GOaL Directed-STrategic Approach With New Disease-modifying theraApies to Reduce Kidney and Cardiovascular Risk in Patients With Diabetic Kidney Disease

TypeinterventionalSponsorSunnybrook Health Sciences CentreRan2026 to 2029Enrolled100ConditionsDiabetic Kidney Disease (DKD)ArmsEarly goal-directed Cardio-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) care, Standard care (Comparison arm)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Observational
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Meeting People Where They Are: Improving Diabetes Care and Outcomes Through Education and Collaboration.Diabetes spectrum : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2025
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Jung-Im ShinDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Electronic address: jshin19@jhmi.edu.
Yunwen XuDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Alexander R ChangDepartments of Nephrology and Population Health Sciences, Geisinger, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA.
Juan J CarreroDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Nephrology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Carina M FlahertyDivision of Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Amrita MukhopadhyayDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA; Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Lesley A InkerDivision of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Saul B BleckerDepartment of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA; Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Leora I HorwitzDepartment of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA; Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Morgan E GramsDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Division of Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA; Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.

Funding

Maximizing The Benefit of Therapy in CKDR01DK115534 · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · 2025 to 2025
$692k
Impact of Restrictive Drug Coverage Policies on Heart Failure CareK23HL171636 · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · 2025 to 2025
$199k
Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: Patient-Oriented Research and MentoringK24HL155861 · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · 2025 to 2025
$118k
NHLBI NIH HHS K23 HL171636NHLBI NIH HHS K24 HL155861NIDDK NIH HHS K01 DK121825NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK115534
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce heart failure (HF) hospitalizations, recurrent cardiovascular events, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression, and thus constitute a Class 1a recommendation in people with diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, HF, or CKD and in people with severe albuminuria or HF, regardless of diabetes status.

objectivesThe purpose of this study was to comprehensibly characterize the rate of SGLT2 inhibitor prescriptions among people with a Class 1a recommendation for SGLT2 inhibitor use.

methodsAmong 3,189,827 adults from 28 U.S. health systems within Optum Labs Data Warehouse between April 1, 2022, and March 31, 2023, we assessed SGLT2 inhibitor prescription rates, stratified by presence of diabetes and Class 1a recommendation.

resultsAmong 716,387 adults with diabetes, 63.4% had a Class 1a recommendation for SGLT2 inhibitor therapy. There was little difference by Class 1a recommendation status (present: 11.9%; 95% CI: 11.9%-12.0% vs absent: 11.4%; 95% CI: 11.3%-11.6%; standardized mean difference: 1.3%). Among 2,473,440 adults without diabetes, 6.2% had a Class 1a recommendation for SGLT2 inhibitor therapy, and 3.1% (3.0%-3.2%) of those received a prescription. Internists/family practitioners initiated SGLT2 inhibitor prescriptions most commonly among people with diabetes, whereas specialists initiated SGLT2 inhibitor prescriptions most commonly among people without diabetes. No health system had >25% SGLT2 inhibitor prescription rate among people with a Class 1a recommendation. Health systems with higher proportions of patients with commercial insurance and lower proportions with Medicare had higher SGLT2 inhibitor prescription rates.

conclusionsIn this analysis of U.S. data from 2022 to 2023, SGLT2 inhibitor prescription among people with a Class 1a recommendation is low. Interventions are needed to increase uptake of guideline-recommended SGLT2 inhibitor use.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Practice Patterns, Physicians'Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsAdultAgedDrug PrescriptionsFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedUnited StatesSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitorschronic kidney diseaseguidelinesheart failureprescriptionsodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitorstype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID39142721
PMCPMC11789666

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.