ArticleThe Journal of allergy and clinical immunology2024
IL-2 family cytokines IL-9 and IL-21 differentially regulate innate and adaptive type 2 immunity in asthma.
Article in The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Chitin Is a Potent Inducer of Type 2 Airway Inflammation Independent of Endogenous Chitinolytic Activity.Allergy · 2026Article
- IL-9 Is Essential for ILC2-Mediated but Not Th2- and Th17-Cell-Mediated Allergic Airway Inflammation in Mice.European journal of immunology · 2026Article
- IL-9 and Blimp-1 protect the transcriptional identity of group 2 innate lymphocytes in allergic asthma.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Emerging Therapeutic Strategies in Asthma: Advances in Treatment, Drug Delivery, Drug Adherence, and Disease Management.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2026Review
- The interplay between recovery and immunity in infectious and non-communicable diseases.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Emerging immune networks and targeted strategies in T2 asthma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The Pleiotropic IL-9 Network in Asthma Pathogenesis and Targeted Therapy.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
- Review
- Immunotherapy for asthma.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2025Review
- The immunology of asthma.Nature immunology · 2025Review
- The immunology of asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025Review
- Interleukins in the Pathogenesis of Warts: Insight from the Last Decade-A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Innate Immunity and Asthma Exacerbations: Insights From Human Models.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- Inflammatory factors collaboratively linkFrontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Endotype-driven decisions in choosing a biologic for airway diseases.Frontiers in allergy · 2025Review
- Machine learning-derived genetic risk scores identify IL21 as a predictor of response to omalizumab and dupilumab in asthma.Frontiers in allergy · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAsthma is often accompanied by type 2 immunity rich in IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 cytokines produced by T
objectiveIL-9 and IL-21 boost activation and proliferation of T
methodsUsing newly generated antibodies, we inhibited IL-9 and IL-21 alone or in combination in various murine models of asthma. In a translational approach using segmental allergen challenge, we recently described elevated IL-9 levels in human subjects with allergic asthma compared with nonasthmatic controls. Here, we also measured IL-21 in both groups.
resultsIL-9 played a central role in controlling innate IL-33-induced lung inflammation by promoting proliferation and activation of ILC2s in an IL-21-independent manner. Conversely, chronic house dust mite-induced airway inflammation, mainly driven by adaptive immunity, was solely dependent on IL-21, which controlled T
conclusionsIL-9 and IL-21 play important and nonredundant roles in allergic asthma by boosting ILC2s and T
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.