Evidence mapPaperPMID 39155331Full record

ArticleImmunologic research2024

In silico and experimental potentials of 6-shogaol and meglumine antimoniate on Leishmania major: multiple synergistic combinations through modulation of biological properties.

Saeid Shahsavari, Iraj Sharifi, Ehsan Salarkia, Alireza Keyhani, Fatemeh Sharifi, Zahra Babaei

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Article in Immunologic research, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. An inclusive assessment of apoptosis mechanisms inCurrent research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Saeid ShahsavariLeishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Iraj SharifiLeishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. iraj.sharifi@yahoo.com.
Ehsan SalarkiaLeishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Alireza KeyhaniLeishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Fatemeh SharifiResearch Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Zahra BabaeiLeishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.

Funding

Kerman University of Medical Sciences 99001204
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Conventional therapeutic agents are no longer adequate against leishmaniasis. This complex condition continues to have a high mortality rate and public health impact. The present study aimed to explore an extensive array of experiments to monitor the biological activities of 6-shogaol, a major component of ginger, and meglumine antimoniate (MA or Glucantime®). The binding affinity of 6-shogaol and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), a major enzyme catalyzing nitric oxide (NO) from L-arginine was the source for the docking outline. The inhibitory effects of 6-shogaol, MA, and mixture were assessed using colorimetric and macrophage assays. Antioxidant activity was inferred by UV-visible spectrophotometry. Variably expressed genes were measured by quantifiable real-time polymerase chain reaction. Apoptotic and cell cycle profiles were analyzed by flow cytometry. Moreover, a DNA fragmentation assay was performed by electrophoresis and antioxidant metabolites include superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and also nitric oxide (NO) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. 6-shogaol and MA exhibited multiple synergistic mechanisms of action. These included a remarkable leishmanicidal effect, potent antioxidative activity, a high safety index, upregulation of M1 macrophages/Th1-associated cytokines (including, γ-interferon, interleukin-12p40, tumor necrotizing factor-alpha, and associated iNOS), significant cell division capture at the sub-G0/G1 phase, a high profile of apoptosis through DNA fragmentation of the nuclear components. In addition, the activity of NO was substantially elevated by treated intracellular amastigotes, while SOD and CAT activities were significantly diminished. This study is exclusive because no similar investigation has inclusively been conducted before. These comprehensive mechanistic actions form a logical foundation for additional advanced study.

Indexed as

Antiprotozoal AgentsCatecholsDrug SynergismLeishmania majorMeglumine AntimoniateNitric OxideNitric Oxide Synthase Type IIAnimalsAntioxidantsApoptosisComputer SimulationHumansLeishmaniasis, CutaneousMacrophagesMeglumineMiceAntioxidantsAntiprotozoal AgentsCatecholsMeglumineMeglumine AntimoniateNitric OxideNitric Oxide Synthase Type IIOrganometallic Compoundsshogaol6-shogaolCombination therapyLeishmania majorMechanism of actionsMedicinal plantMeglumine antimoniate

Identifiers

PMID39155331

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.