Contract governance to reduce antimicrobial overuse in hog farms in China.

Ruishi Si, Xin Liu, Xueqian Zhang, Yi Chen, Wen Xiang, Mingyue Liu, Yongfeng Tan, Guotao Yang

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

Multiple pathways of institutional environment driving the reduction of veterinary antibiotic overuse: Evidence from dairy farmers in Heilongjiang Province, China.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026
Article

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Ruishi SiAcademy of the Zhonghuaminzu Community, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China.

Xin LiuSchool of Public Administration, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.

Xueqian ZhangSchool of Public Administration, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.

Yi ChenSchool of Public Administration, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.

Wen XiangInstitute for Interdisciplinary and Innovate Research, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.

Mingyue LiuInstitute of Agricultural Economics and Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.

Yongfeng TanSchool of Economics and Management, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China.

Guotao YangSchool of Economics and Management, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance caused by the overuse of antimicrobials by farmers is an essential health issue. Currently, signing contracts between farmers and cooperatives has become crucial for small farmers to integrate into the modern agricultural industry chain. Unlike vertical government governance, which aims to intervene in the overuse of antimicrobials by farmers through many mandatory or incentive measures, contract governance refers to the social governance model that clarifies rights and obligations between farmers and cooperatives to ensure the adequate performance of contracts, which is especially beneficial to regulate farmers' safe production behavior such as the standard use of antimicrobials. However, there is a research gap concerning the effectiveness of contract governance in inhibiting farmers' overuse of animal antimicrobials. This study applies propensity score matching and mediation analysis method to assess how contract governance affects the overuse of antimicrobials by hog farmers. The paper uses data from 498 hog farmers of China's Hebei, Henan, and Hubei provinces to explore the impact and underlying mechanisms of contract governance on antimicrobial overuse in agriculture. The results showed that contract governance was found to inhibit the overuse of antimicrobials, with the amount paid for antimicrobials reduced by 118 yuan/household. We found evidence that this effect is exerted through three mechanisms: cooperative supervision (

Indexed as

Antimicrobial residuesAntimicrobial resistanceChinaMediation analysisPropensity score matching

Identifiers

PMID39157651

DOI10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100859

PMCPMC11327576

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY-NC-ND

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.