Evidence mapPaperPMID 39158988Full record

ReviewJournal of diabetes science and technology2024

Nocturnal Hypoglycemia in the Era of Continuous Glucose Monitoring.

Bernhard Kulzer, Guido Freckmann, Ralph Ziegler, Oliver Schnell, Timor Glatzer, Lutz Heinemann

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of diabetes science and technology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Optimizing Continuous Glucose Monitoring Adoption in India: From Current Challenges to Future Solutions.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2026
    Review
  7. A Randomized Study of theJournal of the Endocrine Society · 2026
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. The Promise of Hypoglycemia Risk Prediction.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2024
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Predicting Glucose Values: A New Era for Continuous Glucose Monitoring.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2024
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Bernhard KulzerResearch Institute Diabetes Academy Mergentheim, Bad Mergentheim, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-9120-4479
Guido FreckmannInstitut für Diabetes-Technologie, Forschungs- und Entwicklungsgesellschaft mbH an der Universität Ulm, Ulm, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-0406-9529
Ralph ZieglerDiabetes Clinic for Children and Adolescents, Muenster, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-2373-3720
Oliver SchnellForschergruppe Diabetes e.V., Helmholtz Zentrum, Munich, Germany.
Timor GlatzerRoche Diabetes Care GmbH, Mannheim, Germany.ORCID 0009-0009-5644-2098
Lutz HeinemannScience Consulting in Diabetes GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-2493-1304

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Nocturnal hypoglycemia is a common acute complication of people with diabetes on insulin therapy. In particular, the inability to control glucose levels during sleep, the impact of external factors such as exercise, or alcohol and the influence of hormones are the main causes. Nocturnal hypoglycemia has several negative somatic, psychological, and social effects for people with diabetes, which are summarized in this article. With the advent of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), it has been shown that the number of nocturnal hypoglycemic events was significantly underestimated when traditional blood glucose monitoring was used. The CGM can reduce the number of nocturnal hypoglycemia episodes with the help of alarms, trend arrows, and evaluation routines. In combination with CGM with an insulin pump and an algorithm, automatic glucose adjustment (AID) systems have their particular strength in nocturnal glucose regulation and the prevention of nocturnal hypoglycemia. Nevertheless, the problem of nocturnal hypoglycemia has not yet been solved completely with the technologies currently available. The CGM systems that use predictive models to warn of hypoglycemia, improved AID systems that recognize hypoglycemia patterns even better, and the increasing integration of artificial intelligence methods are promising approaches in the future to significantly minimize the risk of a side effect of insulin therapy that is burdensome for people with diabetes.

Indexed as

Blood GlucoseBlood Glucose Self-MonitoringHypoglycemiaAlgorithmsCircadian RhythmContinuous Glucose MonitoringDiabetes MellitusHumansHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinInsulin Infusion SystemsBlood GlucoseHypoglycemic AgentsInsulincontinuous glucose monitoringdiabetesnocturnal hypoglycemiapredictive models

Identifiers

PMID39158988
PMCPMC11418455

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.