ArticleNeurology2024
Sex-Dependent Effects of Cardiometabolic Health and
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Article in Neurology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Deep learning aging marker from retinal images unveils sex-specific clinical and genetic signatures.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Multimorbidity burden and patterns associated with DeepBrainNet-derived brain-age gap in dementia-free older adults: A community-based study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Brain age gap as biomarker linking cardiovascular diseases genetic susceptibility and causality.iScience · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular contributions to dementia: Examining sex differences and female-specific factors.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Review
- Mediation Analyses Link Cardiometabolic Factors and Liver Fat With White Matter Hyperintensities and Cognitive Performance: A UK Biobank Study.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2025Article
- Investigating the impact of sex and reproductive aging on latent signatures of modifiable dementia risk factors.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
23 authors.
Sivaniya SubramaniapillaiFrom the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.S., L.S.S., A.-M.G.d.L.), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Psychology (P.R., M.E.B., J.M.W., M.V.H., S.M.M., B.A., J.C., T.C.R., S.R.C.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology (L.T.W.), University of Oslo, Norway; Dementia Research Centre (W.C., J.G., D.M.C., J.B., S.-N.J., C.H.S., J.M.S.), Centre for Medical Image Computing (C.H.S., F.B., J.H.C.), and MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (M.R., S.-N.J., C.H.S.), University College London, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-3207-0700
Louise S SchindlerFrom the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.S., L.S.S., A.-M.G.d.L.), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Psychology (P.R., M.E.B., J.M.W., M.V.H., S.M.M., B.A., J.C., T.C.R., S.R.C.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology (L.T.W.), University of Oslo, Norway; Dementia Research Centre (W.C., J.G., D.M.C., J.B., S.-N.J., C.H.S., J.M.S.), Centre for Medical Image Computing (C.H.S., F.B., J.H.C.), and MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (M.R., S.-N.J., C.H.S.), University College London, United Kingdom.
Paul RedmondFrom the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.S., L.S.S., A.-M.G.d.L.), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Psychology (P.R., M.E.B., J.M.W., M.V.H., S.M.M., B.A., J.C., T.C.R., S.R.C.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology (L.T.W.), University of Oslo, Norway; Dementia Research Centre (W.C., J.G., D.M.C., J.B., S.-N.J., C.H.S., J.M.S.), Centre for Medical Image Computing (C.H.S., F.B., J.H.C.), and MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (M.R., S.-N.J., C.H.S.), University College London, United Kingdom.
Mark E BastinFrom the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.S., L.S.S., A.-M.G.d.L.), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Psychology (P.R., M.E.B., J.M.W., M.V.H., S.M.M., B.A., J.C., T.C.R., S.R.C.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology (L.T.W.), University of Oslo, Norway; Dementia Research Centre (W.C., J.G., D.M.C., J.B., S.-N.J., C.H.S., J.M.S.), Centre for Medical Image Computing (C.H.S., F.B., J.H.C.), and MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (M.R., S.-N.J., C.H.S.), University College London, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-0490-0845
Joanna M WardlawFrom the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.S., L.S.S., A.-M.G.d.L.), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Psychology (P.R., M.E.B., J.M.W., M.V.H., S.M.M., B.A., J.C., T.C.R., S.R.C.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology (L.T.W.), University of Oslo, Norway; Dementia Research Centre (W.C., J.G., D.M.C., J.B., S.-N.J., C.H.S., J.M.S.), Centre for Medical Image Computing (C.H.S., F.B., J.H.C.), and MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (M.R., S.-N.J., C.H.S.), University College London, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-9812-6642
Maria Valdés HernándezFrom the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.S., L.S.S., A.-M.G.d.L.), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Psychology (P.R., M.E.B., J.M.W., M.V.H., S.M.M., B.A., J.C., T.C.R., S.R.C.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology (L.T.W.), University of Oslo, Norway; Dementia Research Centre (W.C., J.G., D.M.C., J.B., S.-N.J., C.H.S., J.M.S.), Centre for Medical Image Computing (C.H.S., F.B., J.H.C.), and MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (M.R., S.-N.J., C.H.S.), University College London, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-2771-6546
Susana Muñoz ManiegaFrom the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.S., L.S.S., A.-M.G.d.L.), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Psychology (P.R., M.E.B., J.M.W., M.V.H., S.M.M., B.A., J.C., T.C.R., S.R.C.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology (L.T.W.), University of Oslo, Norway; Dementia Research Centre (W.C., J.G., D.M.C., J.B., S.-N.J., C.H.S., J.M.S.), Centre for Medical Image Computing (C.H.S., F.B., J.H.C.), and MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (M.R., S.-N.J., C.H.S.), University College London, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0001-5185-6384
Benjamin AribisalaFrom the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.S., L.S.S., A.-M.G.d.L.), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Psychology (P.R., M.E.B., J.M.W., M.V.H., S.M.M., B.A., J.C., T.C.R., S.R.C.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology (L.T.W.), University of Oslo, Norway; Dementia Research Centre (W.C., J.G., D.M.C., J.B., S.-N.J., C.H.S., J.M.S.), Centre for Medical Image Computing (C.H.S., F.B., J.H.C.), and MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (M.R., S.-N.J., C.H.S.), University College London, United Kingdom.
Lars T WestlyeFrom the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.S., L.S.S., A.-M.G.d.L.), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Psychology (P.R., M.E.B., J.M.W., M.V.H., S.M.M., B.A., J.C., T.C.R., S.R.C.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology (L.T.W.), University of Oslo, Norway; Dementia Research Centre (W.C., J.G., D.M.C., J.B., S.-N.J., C.H.S., J.M.S.), Centre for Medical Image Computing (C.H.S., F.B., J.H.C.), and MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (M.R., S.-N.J., C.H.S.), University College London, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0001-8644-956X
William CoathFrom the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.S., L.S.S., A.-M.G.d.L.), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Psychology (P.R., M.E.B., J.M.W., M.V.H., S.M.M., B.A., J.C., T.C.R., S.R.C.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology (L.T.W.), University of Oslo, Norway; Dementia Research Centre (W.C., J.G., D.M.C., J.B., S.-N.J., C.H.S., J.M.S.), Centre for Medical Image Computing (C.H.S., F.B., J.H.C.), and MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (M.R., S.-N.J., C.H.S.), University College London, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-3976-9461
James GrovesFrom the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.S., L.S.S., A.-M.G.d.L.), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Psychology (P.R., M.E.B., J.M.W., M.V.H., S.M.M., B.A., J.C., T.C.R., S.R.C.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology (L.T.W.), University of Oslo, Norway; Dementia Research Centre (W.C., J.G., D.M.C., J.B., S.-N.J., C.H.S., J.M.S.), Centre for Medical Image Computing (C.H.S., F.B., J.H.C.), and MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (M.R., S.-N.J., C.H.S.), University College London, United Kingdom.
David M CashFrom the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.S., L.S.S., A.-M.G.d.L.), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Psychology (P.R., M.E.B., J.M.W., M.V.H., S.M.M., B.A., J.C., T.C.R., S.R.C.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology (L.T.W.), University of Oslo, Norway; Dementia Research Centre (W.C., J.G., D.M.C., J.B., S.-N.J., C.H.S., J.M.S.), Centre for Medical Image Computing (C.H.S., F.B., J.H.C.), and MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (M.R., S.-N.J., C.H.S.), University College London, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0001-7833-616X
Josephine BarnesFrom the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.S., L.S.S., A.-M.G.d.L.), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Psychology (P.R., M.E.B., J.M.W., M.V.H., S.M.M., B.A., J.C., T.C.R., S.R.C.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology (L.T.W.), University of Oslo, Norway; Dementia Research Centre (W.C., J.G., D.M.C., J.B., S.-N.J., C.H.S., J.M.S.), Centre for Medical Image Computing (C.H.S., F.B., J.H.C.), and MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (M.R., S.-N.J., C.H.S.), University College London, United Kingdom.
Sarah-Naomi JamesFrom the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.S., L.S.S., A.-M.G.d.L.), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Psychology (P.R., M.E.B., J.M.W., M.V.H., S.M.M., B.A., J.C., T.C.R., S.R.C.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology (L.T.W.), University of Oslo, Norway; Dementia Research Centre (W.C., J.G., D.M.C., J.B., S.-N.J., C.H.S., J.M.S.), Centre for Medical Image Computing (C.H.S., F.B., J.H.C.), and MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (M.R., S.-N.J., C.H.S.), University College London, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-3800-4416
Carole H SudreFrom the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.S., L.S.S., A.-M.G.d.L.), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Psychology (P.R., M.E.B., J.M.W., M.V.H., S.M.M., B.A., J.C., T.C.R., S.R.C.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology (L.T.W.), University of Oslo, Norway; Dementia Research Centre (W.C., J.G., D.M.C., J.B., S.-N.J., C.H.S., J.M.S.), Centre for Medical Image Computing (C.H.S., F.B., J.H.C.), and MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (M.R., S.-N.J., C.H.S.), University College London, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0001-5753-428X
Frederik BarkhofFrom the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.S., L.S.S., A.-M.G.d.L.), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Psychology (P.R., M.E.B., J.M.W., M.V.H., S.M.M., B.A., J.C., T.C.R., S.R.C.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology (L.T.W.), University of Oslo, Norway; Dementia Research Centre (W.C., J.G., D.M.C., J.B., S.-N.J., C.H.S., J.M.S.), Centre for Medical Image Computing (C.H.S., F.B., J.H.C.), and MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (M.R., S.-N.J., C.H.S.), University College London, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-3543-3706
Marcus RichardsFrom the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.S., L.S.S., A.-M.G.d.L.), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Psychology (P.R., M.E.B., J.M.W., M.V.H., S.M.M., B.A., J.C., T.C.R., S.R.C.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology (L.T.W.), University of Oslo, Norway; Dementia Research Centre (W.C., J.G., D.M.C., J.B., S.-N.J., C.H.S., J.M.S.), Centre for Medical Image Computing (C.H.S., F.B., J.H.C.), and MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (M.R., S.-N.J., C.H.S.), University College London, United Kingdom.
Janie CorleyFrom the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.S., L.S.S., A.-M.G.d.L.), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Psychology (P.R., M.E.B., J.M.W., M.V.H., S.M.M., B.A., J.C., T.C.R., S.R.C.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology (L.T.W.), University of Oslo, Norway; Dementia Research Centre (W.C., J.G., D.M.C., J.B., S.-N.J., C.H.S., J.M.S.), Centre for Medical Image Computing (C.H.S., F.B., J.H.C.), and MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (M.R., S.-N.J., C.H.S.), University College London, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-7551-1871
Tom C RussFrom the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.S., L.S.S., A.-M.G.d.L.), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Psychology (P.R., M.E.B., J.M.W., M.V.H., S.M.M., B.A., J.C., T.C.R., S.R.C.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology (L.T.W.), University of Oslo, Norway; Dementia Research Centre (W.C., J.G., D.M.C., J.B., S.-N.J., C.H.S., J.M.S.), Centre for Medical Image Computing (C.H.S., F.B., J.H.C.), and MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (M.R., S.-N.J., C.H.S.), University College London, United Kingdom.
Simon R CoxFrom the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.S., L.S.S., A.-M.G.d.L.), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Psychology (P.R., M.E.B., J.M.W., M.V.H., S.M.M., B.A., J.C., T.C.R., S.R.C.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology (L.T.W.), University of Oslo, Norway; Dementia Research Centre (W.C., J.G., D.M.C., J.B., S.-N.J., C.H.S., J.M.S.), Centre for Medical Image Computing (C.H.S., F.B., J.H.C.), and MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (M.R., S.-N.J., C.H.S.), University College London, United Kingdom.
Jonathan M SchottFrom the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.S., L.S.S., A.-M.G.d.L.), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Psychology (P.R., M.E.B., J.M.W., M.V.H., S.M.M., B.A., J.C., T.C.R., S.R.C.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology (L.T.W.), University of Oslo, Norway; Dementia Research Centre (W.C., J.G., D.M.C., J.B., S.-N.J., C.H.S., J.M.S.), Centre for Medical Image Computing (C.H.S., F.B., J.H.C.), and MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (M.R., S.-N.J., C.H.S.), University College London, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-2059-024X
James H ColeFrom the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.S., L.S.S., A.-M.G.d.L.), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Psychology (P.R., M.E.B., J.M.W., M.V.H., S.M.M., B.A., J.C., T.C.R., S.R.C.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology (L.T.W.), University of Oslo, Norway; Dementia Research Centre (W.C., J.G., D.M.C., J.B., S.-N.J., C.H.S., J.M.S.), Centre for Medical Image Computing (C.H.S., F.B., J.H.C.), and MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (M.R., S.-N.J., C.H.S.), University College London, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-1908-5588
Ann-Marie G de LangeFrom the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.S., L.S.S., A.-M.G.d.L.), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Psychology (P.R., M.E.B., J.M.W., M.V.H., S.M.M., B.A., J.C., T.C.R., S.R.C.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology (L.T.W.), University of Oslo, Norway; Dementia Research Centre (W.C., J.G., D.M.C., J.B., S.-N.J., C.H.S., J.M.S.), Centre for Medical Image Computing (C.H.S., F.B., J.H.C.), and MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (M.R., S.-N.J., C.H.S.), University College London, United Kingdom.
Funding
Medical Research Council G0701120Medical Research Council G1001245Medical Research Council MR/K026992/1Medical Research Council MR/M013111/1Medical Research Council MR/R024065/1
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesThe aging population is growing faster than all other demographic strata. With older age comes a greater risk of health conditions such as obesity and high blood pressure (BP). These cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRs) exhibit prominent sex differences in midlife and aging, yet their influence on brain health in females vs males is largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated sex differences in relationships between BP, body mass index (BMI), and brain age over time and tested for interactions with
methodsThe sample included participants from 2 United Kingdom-based longitudinal birth cohorts, the Lothian Birth Cohort (1936) and Insight 46 (1946). Participants with MRI data from at least 1 time point were included to evaluate sex differences in associations between CMRs and brain age. The open-access software package brainageR 2.1 was used to estimate brain age for each participant. Linear mixed-effects models were used to assess the relationships between brain age, BMI, BP, and
resultsThe combined sample comprised 1,120 participants (48% female) with a mean age (SD) of 73 (0.72) years in the Lothian Birth Cohort and 71 (0.68) years in Insight 46 at the time point 1 assessment. Approximately 30% of participants were DISCUSSION: This study indicates sex-dependent and time-dependent relationships between CMRs,
Indexed as
AgingApolipoprotein E4Body Mass IndexBrainSex CharacteristicsAgedBlood PressureCardiometabolic Risk FactorsCohort StudiesFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleUnited KingdomApolipoprotein E4
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