SynthesisBMC neurology2024
Incidence of anxiety after traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC neurology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Evaluation of long-term quality of life in traumatic brain injury patients early treated with biperiden - a randomized controlled trial.BMC neurology · 2026Trial
- Targeting the KCNC3-Dependent Anterior Insular-Lateral Orbitofrontal Cortex Glutamatergic Circuit Attenuates Post-Traumatic Anxiety.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Health Outcomes Following Traumatic Brain Injury: An Umbrella Review.Neuropsychology review · 2026Review
- Anxiety-like behaviour in mice after mild repetitive head impacts during the subacute phase.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2026Article
- Benzoate Drugs for Traumatic Brain Injury.Journal of clinical & experimental immunology · 2026Article
- Prior Psychiatric Disorder and Post-Traumatic Stress, Depressive and Anxiety Disorder after Traumatic Brain Injury with Glasgow Coma Scale Score 13-15: A TRACK-TBI Study.Neurotrauma reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Effect of Extracellular Vesicles on Neurobehavioral Sequelae and Late Seizures After Traumatic Brain Injury in a Mouse Model of Controlled Cortical Impact.Neurotrauma reportsArticle
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is defined as acquired cerebral damage caused by an external mechanical impact, which has the potential to lead to transient or enduring debilitation. TBI is associated with many forms of long-lasting psychiatric conditions, including anxiety disorders. As anxiety is highly debilitating by causing impaired social functioning and decreased quality of life for the afflicted, especially in the form of anxiety disorders such as generalized anxiety disorder, certain efforts have been made to explore the factors associated with it, and one such factor is TBI.
methodsWe searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science on January 26th, 2024 for observational case-control or cohort or cross-sectional studies assessing the incidence of anxiety symptoms or disorders in patients with TBI compared to healthy individuals or the same individuals if pre-TBI information regarding anxiety was available. We calculated the pooled incidence and relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95CI) using the inverse variance method. Publication bias was assessed using Eggers's regression test. Quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Sub-group analyses were conducted for the type of anxiety (anxiety disorder vs anxiety symptoms), TBI severity, and type of anxiety disorders.
resultsThe incidence rate of anxiety after traumatic brain injury was 17.45% (95CI: 12.59%, 22.31%) in a total of 705,024 individuals. Moreover, TBI patients were found to be 1.9 times as likely to have anxiety compared to their non-TBI counterparts [Random effects model RR = 1.90 [1.62; 2.23], p-value < 0.0001] using a population of 569,875 TBI cases and 1,640,312 non-TBI controls. Sub-group analysis revealed TBI severity was not associated with anxiety and generalized anxiety disorder was the most common type of anxiety disorder reported post-TBI.
conclusionPatients who have experienced a TBI exhibit a significantly greater incidence of anxiety symptoms and anxiety disorders in the aftermath when compared to healthy individuals.
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