ArticleTranslational vision science & technology2024
Multimodal Approach in Dry Eye Disease Combining In Vivo Confocal Microscopy and HLA-DR Expression.
Article in Translational vision science & technology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Translating Biomarker Discovery: From Bench to Bedside in Dry Eye Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Ocular Surface Alteration on Corneal Endothelial Decompensation and Descemet's Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
- Risk Factors, Clinical Characteristics, and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
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Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the association between corneal images provided by in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) with clinical parameters and conjunctival expression of HLA-DR antigen in patients with dry eye disease (DED). Methods: Two hundred fourteen eyes of 214 patients with DED were analyzed, consisting of 2 groups of patients - 63 with autoimmune dry eye disease (AIDED) and 151 with non-autoimmune dry eye disease (NAIDED). Patients underwent a full clinical examination, including symptom screening, using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, and objective analysis of DED signs by Schirmer's testing, tear break-up time (TBUT), Oxford's test, and IVCM corneal imaging. The IVCM scoring criteria were based on corneal sub-basal nerve density (ND), nerve morphology (NM), and inflammatory cell (IC) density. Quantification of conjunctival HLA-DR antigen was performed by flow cytometry. Results: The total IVCM score (T-IVCM) as well as the IVCM-IC subscore (sc) were positively correlated with HLA-DR levels with r = 0.3, P < 0.001 and r = 0.3, P < 0.01, respectively in the total population of patients with DED. The IVCM-NDsc was negatively correlated with TBUT in patients with AIDED (r = -0.2, P < 0.05) and with the Schirmer's test in patients with NAIDED (r = -0.24, P < 0.05). However, the IVCM-NMsc was positively correlated with the Oxford score only in patients with AIDED (r = 0.3, P < 0.05). Conclusions: The proposed IVCM scoring system showed significant correlations with clinical parameters along with conjunctival HLA-DR quantification in patients with DED. Translational Relevance: The IVCM grading score represents an interesting point of commonality among clinical parameters, imaging, and molecular investigation of the ocular surface.
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