Trial reportCardiovascular diabetology2024
Pentoxifylline ameliorates subclinical atherosclerosis progression in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: a randomized pilot trial.
Trial report in Cardiovascular diabetology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effect of pentoxifylline on serum levels and gene expression of inflammatory markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Short- and Middle-Term Nephroprotective and Cardioprotective Effects of Pentoxifylline in Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Trial
- Protective effect of pentoxifylline against high-glucose-induced ferroptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells.Journal of molecular endocrinology · 2026Article
- Diabetes-related renal complications: Insights on the impact of diabetic kidney disease on mortality.World journal of nephrology · 2026Article
- Effects of CYP1A2 genetic polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of pentoxifylline and its active metabolites.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2026Article
- Emerging therapeutic pipelines on kidney fibrosis: challenges in translational research.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Application of multimodal ultrasound in the biomechanical evaluation of carotid intima-media thickness in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a focus on subclinical vascular changes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Sex differences in the association between atherogenic index of plasma and α-klotho: insights from a community-based cohort.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Has the time come to change the treatment criteria for patients with chronic kidney disease? The "hypofiltering nephron" hypothesis.Frontiers in nephrology · 2025Article
- Rational Analysis of the Utilization of Pentoxifylline in a Tertiary Hospital: Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2025Article
- Inflammation-Induced Klotho Deficiency: A Possible Key Driver of Chronic Kidney Disease Progression.International journal of general medicine · 2025Review
- Long-Term Pentoxifylline Therapy Is Associated with a Reduced Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Cell Apoptosis in Diabetic Kidney Disease Patients.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Exercise as a therapeutic approach to alleviate diabetic kidney disease: mechanisms, clinical evidence and potential exercise prescriptions.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDiabetic kidney disease (DKD) is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Pentoxifylline (PTF), a nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and antifibrotic actions, has demonstrated renal benefits in both clinical trials and meta-analyses. The present work aimed to study the effects of PTF on the progression of subclinical atherosclerosis (SA) in a population of patients with diabetes and moderate to severe chronic kidney disease (CKD).
methodsIn this open-label, randomized controlled, prospective single-center pilot study the evolution of carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and ankle-brachial index (ABI) were determined in 102 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and CKD assigned to PTF, aspirin or control groups during 18 months. We also determined the variations in the levels of inflammatory markers and Klotho (KL), a protein involved in maintaining cardiovascular health, and their relationship with the progression of SA.
resultsPatients treated with PTF presented a better evolution of CIMT, increased KL mRNA levels in peripheral blood cells (PBCs) and reduced the inflammatory state. The progression of CIMT values was inversely related to variations in KL both in serum and mRNA expression levels in PBCs. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that PTF treatment and variations in mRNA KL expression in PBCs, together with changes in HDL, were significant determinants for the progression of CIMT (adjusted R
conclusionsPTF reduced SA progression assessed by CIMT variation, a beneficial effect related to KL gene expression in PBCs.
trial registrationThe study protocol code is PTF-AA-TR-2009 and the trial was registered on the European Union Drug Regulating Authorities Clinical Trials (EudraCT #2009-016595-77). The validation date was 2010-03-09.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.