ReviewFrontiers in oncology2024
Lipocalin-2 promotes breast cancer brain metastasis by enhancing tumor invasion and modulating brain microenvironment.
Review in Frontiers in oncology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Palmitate promotes liver metastases by decreasing neutrophil antitumour behaviour.Nature metabolism · 2026Article
- Iron, inflammation, and intestinal tumors: the crucial triad in colorectal cancer progression and therapy.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- From Cerebrovascular Injury to Brain Cancer: The Role of Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- The Landscape of Ferroptosis-Related Gene Signatures as Molecular Stratification in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Breast cancer brain metastasis: from molecular insights to therapeutic innovation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Hepcidin as an emerging predictor biomarker of leptomeningeal metastases in patients with metastatic breast cancer.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Herceptin-Conjugated Liposomes Loaded with Lipocalin-2 siRNA for the Treatment of Inflammatory Breast Cancer.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Decoding iron deficiency in cancer: mechanisms, immune modulation, and therapeutic potential.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- Review
- Enhanced CRC Growth in Iron-Rich Environment, Facts and Speculations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- The immune landscape of cerebrospinal fluid across brain malignancies.Neuro-oncology advancesReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cancer diagnosed in women globally, with brain metastasis emerging as a major cause of death, particularly in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive and triple-negative breast cancer subtypes. Comprehensive understanding of the molecular foundations of central nervous system metastases is imperative for the evolution of efficacious treatment strategies. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2), a secreted iron transport protein with multiple functions, has been linked to the progression of breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM). In primary tumors, LCN2 promotes the proliferation and angiogenesis of breast cancer cells, triggers the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, interacts with matrix metalloproteinase-9, thereby facilitating the reorganization of the extracellular matrix and enhancing cancer cell invasion and migration. In brain microenvironment, LCN2 undermines the blood-brain barrier and facilitates tumor seeding in the brain by modulating the behavior of key cellular components. In summary, this review meticulously examines the fuel role of LCN2 in BCBM cascade, and investigates the potential mechanisms involved. It highlights the potential of LCN2 as both a therapeutic target and biomarker, indicating that interventions targeting LCN2 may offer improved outcomes for patients afflicted with BCBM.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.