Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39189078›Full record

ArticleMovement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society2024

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Risk of Parkinson's Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Huilin Tang, Ying Lu, Michael S Okun, William T Donahoo, Adolfo Ramirez-Zamora, Fei Wang, Yu Huang, Melissa Armstrong, Mikael Svensson, Beth A Virnig and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. From diabetes to dopamine: Evaluating the disease-modifying potential of GLP-1 receptor agonists in Parkinson's disease. A systematic review and meta-analysis of placebo-controlled trials.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025
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  15. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for major neurocognitive disorders.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2025
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  18. Advances in GLP-1 receptor agonists for pain treatment and their future potential.The journal of headache and pain · 2025 · on this map
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  20. Parkinson's disease physiopathology-beyond theFrontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Huilin TangDepartment of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Ying LuDepartment of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Michael S OkunDepartment of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
William T DonahooDivision of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Adolfo Ramirez-ZamoraDepartment of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Fei WangDepartment of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA.
Yu HuangDepartment of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Melissa ArmstrongDepartment of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2163-1907
Mikael SvenssonDepartment of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Beth A VirnigCollege of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Steven T DeKoskyDepartment of Neurology and McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Jiang BianDepartment of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Jingchuan GuoDepartment of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, Florida, USA.

Funding

Building Equity Improvement into Quality Improvement in the use of New Glucose-lowering Drugs (GLDs) through Individualized Drug Value Assessment in People with DiabetesR01DK133465 · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · 2025 to 2025
$593k
American Foundation for Pharmaceutical EducationNIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK133465NIDDK NIH HHS R01DK133465Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America Foundation
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPrevious studies have suggested that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) may have a disease-modifying effect in the development of Parkinson's disease (PD), but population studies yielded inconsistent results.

objectiveThe aim was to compare the risk of PD associated with GLP-1RAs compared to dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4i) among older adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

methodsUsing U.S. Medicare administrative data from 2016 to 2020, we conducted a population-based cohort study comparing the new use of GLP-1RA with the new use of DPP4i among adults aged ≥66 years with T2D. The primary endpoint was a new diagnosis of PD. A stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting (sIPTW)-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression model was employed to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for PD between GLP-1RA and DPP4i users.

resultsThis study included 89,074 Medicare beneficiaries who initiated either GLP-1RA (n = 30,091) or DPP4i (n = 58,983). The crude incidence rate of PD was lower among GLP-1RA users than DPP4i users (2.85 vs. 3.92 patients per 1000 person-years). An sIPTW-adjusted Cox model showed that GLP-1RA users were associated with a 23% lower risk of PD than DPP4i users (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.63-0.95). Our findings were largely consistent across different subgroup analyses such as sex, race, and molecular structure of GLP-1RA.

conclusionAmong Medicare beneficiaries with T2D, the new use of GLP-1RAs was significantly associated with a decreased risk of PD compared to the new use of DPP4i. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV InhibitorsGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsMedicareParkinson DiseaseAgedAged, 80 and overCohort StudiesFemaleHumansHypoglycemic AgentsMaleUnited StatesDipeptidyl-Peptidase IV InhibitorsGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsHypoglycemic Agentsdipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor (DPP4i)glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist (GLP‐1RA)Parkinson's diseasetype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID39189078
PMCPMC11568939

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.