ArticleAmerican journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology2024
Amniotic fluid modifies esophageal epithelium differentiation and inflammatory responses.
Article in American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Multitrait analysis of genome-wide association studies expands eosinophilic esophagitis genetic susceptibility and polygenic risk scores.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2026Article
- Immune functions of the esophagus.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2026Review
- The oesophagus as an immune organ.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2025Review
- Amniotic fluid: its role in fetal development and beyond.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The interplay between genetic and environmental factors during pregnancy can predispose to inflammatory diseases postnatally, including eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), a chronic allergic disease triggered by food. Herein, we examined the effects of amniotic fluid (AF) on esophageal epithelial differentiation and responsiveness to proallergic stimuli. Multiplex analysis of AF revealed the expression of 66 cytokines, whereas five cytokines including IL-4 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) were not detected. Several proinflammatory cytokines including TNFα and IL-12 were highly expressed in the AF from women who underwent preterm birth, whereas EGF was the highest in term birth samples. Exposure of esophageal epithelial cells to AF resulted in transient phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and the transcription of early response genes, highlighting the direct impact of AF on esophageal epithelial cells. In a three-dimensional spheroid model, AF modified the esophageal epithelial differentiation program and enhanced the transcription of IL-13-target genes, including
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Registered trials
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