Evidence mapPaperPMID 39200100Full record

ReviewBiomedicines2024

Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Strategies in Osteoporosis: A Comprehensive Review.

Nyruz Ramadan Elahmer, Sok Kuan Wong, Norazlina Mohamed, Ekram Alias, Kok-Yong Chin, Norliza Muhammad

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Biomedicines, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
36citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

36 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  7. Article
  8. Therapeutic potential of fish collagen hydrolysates in osteoporosis prevention: a narrative review based on cellular, molecular, and clinical evidence.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2026
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  18. [Antiresorptive therapies in osteoporosis].Orthopadie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Nyruz Ramadan ElahmerDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia.
Sok Kuan WongDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0003-1184-4551
Norazlina MohamedDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0003-2480-0224
Ekram AliasDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0003-0326-977X
Kok-Yong ChinDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0001-6628-1552
Norliza MuhammadDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0002-4102-7539

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Osteoporosis, a metabolic bone disorder characterized by decreased bone mass per unit volume, poses a significant global health burden due to its association with heightened fracture risk and adverse impacts on patients' quality of life. This review synthesizes the current understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying osteoporosis, with a focus on key regulatory pathways governing osteoblast and osteoclast activities. These pathways include RANK/RANKL/OPG, Wingless-int (Wnt)/β-catenin, and Jagged1/Notch1 signaling, alongside the involvement of parathyroid hormone (PTH) signaling, cytokine networks, and kynurenine in bone remodeling. Pharmacotherapeutic interventions targeting these pathways play a pivotal role in osteoporosis management. Anti-resorptive agents, such as bisphosphonates, estrogen replacement therapy/hormone replacement therapy (ERT/HRT), selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), calcitonin, anti-RANKL antibodies, and cathepsin K inhibitors, aim to mitigate bone resorption. Conversely, anabolic agents, including PTH and anti-sclerostin drugs, stimulate bone formation. In addition to pharmacotherapy, nutritional supplementation with calcium, vitamin D, and vitamin K2 holds promise for osteoporosis prevention. However, despite the availability of therapeutic options, a substantial proportion of osteoporotic patients remain untreated, highlighting the need for improved clinical management strategies. This comprehensive review aims to provide clinicians and researchers with a mechanistic understanding of osteoporosis pathogenesis and the therapeutic mechanisms of existing medications. By elucidating these insights, this review seeks to inform evidence-based decision-making and optimize therapeutic outcomes for patients with osteoporosis.

Indexed as

bone remodelingcytokinesNotch receptorsosteoblastosteoclastosteoporosisRANKLWnt

Identifiers

PMID39200100
PMCPMC11351389

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.