ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2024
The Biology and Biochemistry of Kynurenic Acid, a Potential Nutraceutical with Multiple Biological Effects.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Exercise-induced adaptations in the kynurenine pathway: implications for health and disease management.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Pooled it
- Spleen Metabolome Reveals Immune-Mediated Responses Modulated by Onion Peel Extract inMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Review
- Phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotide induced innate immune activation is attenuated by tryptophan oxidation products.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Serotonin, Kynurenine, and Indole Pathways of Tryptophan Metabolism in Humans in Health and Disease.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Untargeted Metabolomic Analysis of Cell-Free Supernatants (CFSs) from Different Clinical Isolates ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The kynurenine pathway in depression and schizophrenia: convergent signals, divergent states, and clinical signatures.EXCLI journal · 2026Review
- Gut microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites: molecular mechanisms, nutritional strategies and implications for swine health.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Review
- Activation of the Ahr-IL-6 Axis by Kynurenic Acid Promotes Bone Marrow-Derived MSC Expansion.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- Resistant Potato Starch Supplementation Increases Serum Antioxidant Levels in a Randomized Trial.Metabolites · 2025Article
- Utilization of AhR and GPR35 Receptor Ligands as Superfoods in Cancer Prevention for Individuals with IBD.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Microbiota-Derived Tryptophan Metabolite Indole-3-Propionic Acid-Emerging Role in Neuroprotection.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The Pharmacological Evidences for the Involvement of AhR and GPR35 Receptors in Kynurenic Acid-Mediated Cytokine and Chemokine Secretion by THP-1-Derived Macrophages.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Selective heterofunctionalization of kynurenic acid derivatives.RSC advances · 2025Article
- Functional Impairments in Learning and Signal Propagation Following Prenatal Kynurenine Treatment in Mice.The European journal of neuroscience · 2025Article
- On-Line Preconcentration of Selected Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites and Amino Acids in Urine via Pressure-Assisted Electrokinetic Injection in a Mixed Micelle System.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Direct 3D Mass Spectrometry Imaging Analysis of Environmental Microorganisms.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A Comprehensive Metabolomic Analysis of Volatile and Non-Volatile Compounds inFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Redefining Roles: A Paradigm Shift in Tryptophan-Kynurenine Metabolism for Innovative Clinical Applications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- The Effects of Kynurenic Acid in Zebrafish Embryos and Adult Rainbow Trout.Biomolecules · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is an antioxidant degradation product of tryptophan that has been shown to have a variety of cytoprotective, neuroprotective and neuronal signalling properties. However, mammalian transporters and receptors display micromolar binding constants; these are consistent with its typically micromolar tissue concentrations but far above its serum/plasma concentration (normally tens of nanomolar), suggesting large gaps in our knowledge of its transport and mechanisms of action, in that the main influx transporters characterized to date are equilibrative, not concentrative. In addition, it is a substrate of a known anion efflux pump (ABCC4), whose in vivo activity is largely unknown. Exogeneous addition of L-tryptophan or L-kynurenine leads to the production of KYNA but also to that of many other co-metabolites (including some such as 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine and quinolinic acid that may be toxic). With the exception of chestnut honey, KYNA exists at relatively low levels in natural foodstuffs. However, its bioavailability is reasonable, and as the terminal element of an irreversible reaction of most tryptophan degradation pathways, it might be added exogenously without disturbing upstream metabolism significantly. Many examples, which we review, show that it has valuable bioactivity. Given the above, we review its potential utility as a nutraceutical, finding it significantly worthy of further study and development.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.