Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39204181›Full record

ReviewPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2024

Examining the Myth of Prescribed Stimulant Misuse among Individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review.

Tommaso Callovini, Delfina Janiri, Daniele Segatori, Giulia Mastroeni, Georgios D Kotzalidis, Marco Di Nicola, Gabriele Sani

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Differentiating Between Methylphenidate Use and Misuse: Clinical Insights From University Students and Academic Staff in Türkiye.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Tommaso CalloviniDepartment of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-6489-5331
Delfina JaniriDepartment of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
Daniele SegatoriDepartment of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0009-0005-3655-5432
Giulia MastroeniDepartment of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0009-0007-2908-5836
Georgios D KotzalidisDepartment of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-0281-6324
Marco Di NicolaDepartment of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
Gabriele SaniDepartment of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-9767-8752

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The literature emphasizes the importance of addressing the misuse of ADHD medications as a potential significant healthcare issue within the general population. Nevertheless, there are no systematic reviews that specifically examine whether the misuse of psychostimulant medication among clinical populations diagnosed with ADHD who are undergoing prescribed stimulant therapy is a rational concern or a false myth. This systematic review was carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 Statement. We searched PubMed databases for articles indexed up to 12th July 2023, without language restrictions. Our systematic search generated 996 unique articles. After a full-text revision, 13 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the systematic review. In the 50% of the study on the adult population, the reported prevalence of stimulant misuse was 0%. In other studies, the range of stimulant misuse rates varied from 2% to 29%, with no available data specifically focusing on the youth population. It has been noted that misuse of prescribed stimulant treatment is linked with particular subject characteristics, such as older age, prior or more frequent use of ADHD medication, use of short-acting medication, and a history of alcohol/substance misuse diagnosis. Despite certain limitations, our study highlights that while a significant proportion of individuals undergoing psychostimulant treatment for ADHD follow their prescribed medication regimens without resorting to misuse behaviors, there is variability in adherence, with occurrences of misuse behaviors. The misuse of prescribed ADHD treatment appears to be associated with distinct subject characteristics, underscoring the importance for tailored interventions addressing the specific requirements of these individuals to attain optimal treatment outcomes while mitigating misuse risks.

Indexed as

ADHDamphetaminemethylphenidateprescribed stimulantpsychostimulant misuse

Identifiers

PMID39204181
PMCPMC11357389

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.