Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39214718›Full record

ReviewAdvances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)2024

An Overview of Reviews on the Association of Low Calorie Sweetener Consumption With Body Weight and Adiposity.

Kelly A Higgins, Rita Rawal, Matthew Kramer, David J Baer, Aaron Yerke, David M Klurfeld

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Low- or No-Energy Sweeteners and Body Weight Management: Dissecting a "Minor" Effect.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2025
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Kelly A HigginsUnited States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD, United States; Exponent Inc., Chemical Regulatory & Food Safety, Washington, DC, United States. Electronic address: khiggins@exponent.com.
Rita RawalUnited States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD, United States.
Matthew KramerUnited States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service, United States.
David J BaerUnited States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD, United States.
Aaron YerkeUnited States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD, United States.
David M KlurfeldUnited States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service, United States; Indiana University School of Public Health -Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundNumerous systematic reviews (SR) and meta-analyses (MA) on low calorie sweeteners (LCS) have been published in recent years, concluding that LCS have beneficial, neutral, or detrimental effects on various health outcomes, depending on the review.

objectivesThe objective of this overview of reviews was to determine how the methodologies of SR investigating the association between LCS consumption and body weight (BW) influence their findings and whether MA results can provide a consistent estimated effect.

methodsSystematic searches of PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library were conducted in November 2022 to identify SR of randomized controlled trials (RCT) or non-randomized studies (NRS) investigating the association between LCS consumption and BW. The methods, MA results, and conclusions were extracted from each eligible SR.

resultsOf the 985 search results, 20 SR evaluated the association between LCS and BW, drawing from publications of 75 RCT, 42 prospective cohort studies, and 10 cross-sectional studies. There was a considerable lack of overlap of studies included within each SR attributed, in part, to the inclusion of studies based on design; thus, each SR synthesized results from distinctly different studies. Evidence synthesis methods were heterogeneous and often opaque, making it difficult to determine why results from certain studies were excluded or why disparate results were observed between SR.

conclusionsSR investigating the effect of LCS on BW implement different methodologies to answer allegedly the same question, drawing from a different set of heterogeneous studies, ignoring the basic assumptions required for MA, resulting in disparate results and conclusions. Previous MA show the large effects of study design, which results in inconsistent estimates of the effect of LCS on BW between MA of RCT and NRS. Given the availability of long-term RCT, these studies should be the basis of determining causal relationships (or lack thereof) between LCS and BW. This trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42022351200.

Indexed as

AdiposityBody WeightNon-Nutritive SweetenersAdultAgedEnergy IntakeFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedObesityRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicSweetening AgentsSystematic Reviews as TopicNon-Nutritive SweetenersSweetening Agentsadipositybody compositionhumansnonnutritive sweetenerssweetening agentsumbrella review

Identifiers

PMID39214718
PMCPMC11705604

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.