Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39219157›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2025

Weight Loss Differentially Impacts Sex Hormones in Women and Men With Type 2 Diabetes: Look AHEAD Sex Hormone Study.

Wendy L Bennett, Jiahuan Helen He, Erin D Michos, Rita R Kalyani, Jeanne M Clark, Mark Woodward, Nazia Syed, Jianqiao Ma, Allen D Everett, Jun Yang and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Understanding women's sex hormone physiology-A priority in diabetes care.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Wendy L BennettDepartment of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9828-0706
Jiahuan Helen HeDepartment of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Erin D MichosDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5547-5084
Rita R KalyaniDepartment of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Jeanne M ClarkDepartment of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Mark WoodwardSchool of Public Health, The George Institute for Global Health, Imperial College London, London W12 7RZ, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-9800-5296
Nazia SyedDepartment of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Jianqiao MaDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Allen D EverettDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Jun YangDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
David GrahamMolecular Determinants Core, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St Petersburg, FL 33701, USA.
Greg EllisMolecular Determinants Core, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St Petersburg, FL 33701, USA.
Dhananjay VaidyaDepartment of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.

Funding

STUDY OF HEALTH OUTCOMES OF WEIGHT-LOSS (SHOW)U01DK057149 · NIDDK · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI CLARK, JEANNE M · 1999 to 2020
$17.4M
The Effect of Sex Hormones on Cardiometabolic Outcomes in Men and Women with Diabetes: The Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) StudyR01DK127222 · NIDDK · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI BENNETT, WENDY LYNET, VAIDYA, DHANANJAY MADHUKAR · 2020 to 2024
$2.5M
NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK127222NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK057149NIH HHS R01DK127222NIH HHS U01DK57149
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDespite sex differences in type 2 diabetes (T2D), few studies have examined the role of sex hormones. We sought to assess the impact of weight loss, the cornerstone of T2D management, on sex hormone levels.

methodsThis was an ancillary study to the Look AHEAD (Action for Health In Diabetes) Study [n = 850 postmenopausal females, n = 890 males, with T2D and body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2]. We measured total testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), and SHBG and calculated bioavailable T (bioT). We examined the effect of the intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) on hormone changes and whether changes were mediated by waist circumference and sex differences in treatment effect.

resultsThe baseline mean age was 60 years with a higher proportion of Black females (21%) vs males (9%) and higher mean BMI in females vs males (36.3 vs 34.8 kg/m2). At year 1 in females, ILI decreased E2 by 15% and bioT by 13% and increased SHBG by 21%. At year 1 in males, ILI did not change E2 levels but increased T by 14% and increased SHBG by 18%. The effect was attenuated over 4 years; there were statistically significant sex differences in treatment effect and change in waist circumference due to ILI at year 1 was a significant mediator of sex hormone changes.

conclusionWeight loss in T2D resulted in sex hormone changes, which varied by sex and were mediated by changes in waist circumference. Changes in sex hormones due to weight loss in T2D should be considered in the context of an individual's health risks, including cardiovascular conditions, bone health, menopausal symptoms, and cognitive function.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2EstradiolGonadal Steroid HormonesTestosteroneWeight LossAgedBody Mass IndexFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedSex CharacteristicsSex FactorsSex Hormone-Binding GlobulinWaist CircumferenceEstradiolGonadal Steroid HormonesSex Hormone-Binding GlobulinSHBG protein, humanTestosteronediabetesestradiollifestyle interventionobesitysex differencessex hormone binding globulinsex hormonestestosterone

Identifiers

PMID39219157
PMCPMC12086392

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.