Evidence mapPaperPMID 39220652Full record

ArticleFrontiers in oncology2024

Racial/ethnic differences in the clinical presentation and survival of breast cancer by subtype.

Vutha Nhim, Alfonso E Bencomo-Alvarez, Luis Alvarado, Michelle Kilcoyne, Mayra A Gonzalez-Henry, Idaly M Olivas, Mehrshad Keivan, Sumit Gaur, Zuber D Mulla, Alok K Dwivedi and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pathogenic variants inJournal of medicine and life · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Vutha NhimPaul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States.
Alfonso E Bencomo-AlvarezCenter of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States.
Luis AlvaradoBiostatistics and Epidemiology Consulting Lab, Office of Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States.
Michelle KilcoynePaul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States.
Mayra A Gonzalez-HenryCenter of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States.
Idaly M OlivasCenter of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States.
Mehrshad KeivanBurrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, NM, United States.
Sumit GaurDepartment of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States.
Zuber D MullaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States.
Alok K DwivediPaul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States.
Shrikanth S GadadPaul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States.
Anna M EiringPaul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States.

Funding

A novel hyper-immunogenic low virulent BCG vaccine against tuberculosisR01AI175837 · TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER AT EL PASO · 2025 to 2025
$459k
Analysis of Divergent Transcripts in Estrogen-Dependent SignalingR16GM149497 · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS RIO GRANDE VALLEY · 2025 to 2025
$150k
NHLBI NIH HHS R15 HL172157NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI175837NIGMS NIH HHS R16 GM149497
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer (BC) affects racial and ethnic groups differently, leading to disparities in clinical presentation and outcomes. It is unclear how Hispanic ethnicity affects BC outcomes based on geographic location and proximity to the United States (U.S.)/Mexico border. We hypothesized that the impact of race/ethnicity on BC outcomes depends on geographic location and country of origin within each BC subtype. Methods: We analyzed BC data from the Texas Cancer Registry by race/ethnicity/birthplace according to BC subtype (luminal A/luminal B/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 [HER2]/triple-negative breast cancer[TNBC]). Other covariates included age, geographic location (U.S., Mexico), residency (border, non-border), treatments, and comorbidities. Crude and adjusted effects of race/ethnicity and birthplace on overall survival (OS) were analyzed using Cox regression methods. Results: Our analysis of 76,310 patient records with specific BC subtypes revealed that Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black (NHB) patients were diagnosed at a younger age compared with non-Hispanic White (NHW) patients for all BC subtypes. For the 19,748 BC patients with complete data on race/ethnicity/birthplace/residency, Hispanic patients had a higher mortality risk in the Luminal A subtype, regardless of birthplace, whereas U.S.-born Hispanics had a higher risk of death in the TNBC subtype. In contrast, NHB patients had a higher mortality risk in the Luminal A and HER2 subtypes. Residence along the U.S./Mexico border had little impact on OS, with better outcomes in Luminal A patients and worse outcomes in Luminal B patients aged 60-74 years. Conclusion: Race/ethnicity, geographic birth location, and residency were significant predictors of survival in BC. Migration, acculturation, and reduced healthcare access may contribute to outcome differences.

Indexed as

breast cancer (BC)cancer health disparitiespopulation-based studyrace/ethnicityUnited States/Mexico border

Identifiers

PMID39220652
PMCPMC11361935

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.