ArticleNature nanotechnology2024
An orally administered glucose-responsive polymeric complex for high-efficiency and safe delivery of insulin in mice and pigs.
Article in Nature nanotechnology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Re-engineering insulin for oral delivery: structural modifications, advanced formulation strategies, and future directions.Drug delivery · 2026Review
- Oral hydrogel systems in lower gastrointestinal disorders: From disease-based therapy to microbiota-guided design.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Zwitterion-Based Polymeric Carriers for Efficient Drug Delivery across Biological Barriers.Polymer science & technology (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Review
- Electrically Modulated Semi-Convertible Hydrogel Microneedles for Programmable Insulin Delivery.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- An artificial cilia-based array system for sound frequency decoding and resonance-responsive drug release.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- An orally administrable hydrogen-bonded organic framework (HOF)-based nanoreactor to reprogram metabolism for senescence intervention.National science review · 2026Article
- Sustained-release CGRP microspheres accelerate diabetic wound healing by synergistically promoting neurovascular regeneration through modulation of macrophage and endothelial cell functions.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- A Wearable, Dual Closed-loop Insulin Delivery System for Precision Diabetes Management.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Engineered probiotics platform for oral delivery of antibody as a high-compliance alternative for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Material-driven glucose responsiveness in insulin delivery systems: carrier selection and performance.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Isoliquiritigenin micellar microneedle for pH monitoring and diabetic wound healing.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Site-specific adaptive nanovesicles for oral insulin delivery.Science advances · 2025Article
- Polyzwitterion-branched polycholic acid nanocarriers based oral delivery insulin for long-term glucose and metabolic regulation in diabetes mellitus.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- Polymeric Nanomedicines in Diabetic Wound Healing: Applications and Future Perspectives.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
22 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Contrary to current insulin formulations, endogenous insulin has direct access to the portal vein, regulating glucose metabolism in the liver with minimal hypoglycaemia. Here we report the synthesis of an amphiphilic diblock copolymer comprising a glucose-responsive positively charged segment and polycarboxybetaine. The mixing of this polymer with insulin facilitates the formation of worm-like micelles, achieving highly efficient absorption by the gastrointestinal tract and the creation of a glucose-responsive reservoir in the liver. Under hyperglycaemic conditions, the polymer triggers a rapid release of insulin, establishing a portal-to-peripheral insulin gradient-similarly to endogenous insulin-for the safe regulation of blood glucose. This insulin formulation exhibits a dose-dependent blood-glucose-regulating effect in a streptozotocin-induced mouse model of type 1 diabetes and controls the blood glucose at normoglycaemia for one day in non-obese diabetic mice. In addition, the formulation demonstrates a blood-glucose-lowering effect for one day in a pig model of type 1 diabetes without observable hypoglycaemia, showing promise for the safe and effective management of type 1 diabetes.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.